The importance of ultrastructural analysis of memory
The importance of ultrastructural analysis of memory
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.019
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发表时间：
2021-05-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Giese, K. Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borczyk, Malgorzata;Radwanska, Kasia;Giese, K. Peter
海马体中谷氨酸突触的可塑性被认为是学习和记忆过程的基础。令人惊讶的是，很少有研究报告行为训练引起的突触的持久结构变化。因此，目前尚不清楚海马体中的哪些突触变化有助于记忆存储。在这里，我们系统地比较了突触传递（LTP）（突触可塑性和细胞记忆模型的主要形式）的长期增强和行为训练如何在电子显微镜的超微结构水平上影响海马谷氨酸突触。文献综述表明，虽然LTP诱导树突棘和突触后密度（PSD）（代表谷氨酸能突触的突触后部分）的生长，但在行为训练后，PSD体积出现短暂（6小时）和持久（24小时）增加（树突棘体积没有显着变化），表明训练诱导的PSD生长可能反映了突触功能的长期增强。此外，多神经支配棘 (MIS) 的形成与老年小鼠和 LTP 缺陷突变小鼠的长期记忆有关。由于 PSD 的体积以及非典型突触只能通过电子显微镜才能可靠地观察到，因此我们认为需要超微结构水平的分析来揭示与大脑中信息长期存储相关的突触变化。
Plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus is believed to underlie learning and memory processes. Surprisingly, very few studies report long-lasting structural changes of synapses induced by behavioral training. It remains, therefore, unclear which synaptic changes in the hippocampus contribute to memory storage. Here, we systematically compare how long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTP) (a primary form of synaptic plasticity and cellular model of memory) and behavioral training affect hippocampal glutamatergic synapses at the ultrastructural level enabled by electron microscopy. The review of the literature indicates that while LTP induces growth of dendritic spines and post-synaptic densities (PSD), that represent postsynaptic part of a glutamatergic synapse, after behavioral training there is transient ( 6 h) synaptogenesis and long-lasting ( 24 h) increase in PSD volume (without a significant change of dendritic spine volume), indicating that traininginduced PSD growth may reflect long-term enhancement of synaptic functions. Additionally, formation of multi-innervated spines (MIS), is associated with long-term memory in aged mice and LTP-deficient mutant mice. Since volume of PSD, as well as atypical synapses, can be reliably observed only with electron microscopy, we argue that the ultrastructural level of analysis is required to reveal synaptic changes that are associated with long-term storage of information in the brain.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Nicholson DA;Cahill ME;Tulisiak CT;Geinisman Y;Penzes P
通讯作者：
Penzes P