Targeting SGK1 in diabetes.

Targeting SGK1 in diabetes.
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DOI:
10.1517/14728220903260807
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发表时间:
2009-11
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Vallon V
Vallon V
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lang F;Görlach A;Vallon V

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越来越多的令人信服的证据表明血清和糖皮质激素诱导的蛋白-1(SGK1)在糖尿病的发生和并发症中起着病理生理学作用。SGK1广泛表达,具有极高的转录波动性。SGK1表达的刺激因素包括高血糖、细胞萎缩、缺血、糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素。SGK1由胰岛素和生长因子通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶、3-磷脂酰肌醇依赖激酶PDK1和mTOR激活。SGK1激活离子通道(包括ENaC、TRPV5、ROMK、KCNE1/KCNQ1和CLCKa/Barttin)、载体(包括NCC、NKCC、NHE3、SGLT1和EAAT3)和Na+/K+-ATPase。它调节几种酶(如糖原合成酶-激酶-3、泛素连接酶NEDD4-2、磷酸甘露糖变位酶-2)和转录因子(如叉头-转录因子FOXO3a、β-连环蛋白、核因子-kappa-B、核转录因子-κB)的活性。一种常见的SGK1基因变异(高加索人~3-5%,非洲人~10%)与高血压、肥胖症和2型糖尿病有关。在患有2型糖尿病的患者中,SGK1可能导致液体滞留和高血压、凝血功能增强和基质蛋白沉积增加,从而导致组织纤维化,如糖尿病肾病。因此,靶向SGK1可能有利于影响2型糖尿病的发生和病程。
Compelling evidence is accumulating pointing to a pathophysiological role of the serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (SGK1) in the development and complications of diabetes. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed with exquisitely high transcriptional volatility. Stimulators of SGK1 expression include hyperglycemia, cell shrinkage, ischemia, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. SGK1 is activated by insulin and growth factors via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase PDK1 and mTOR. SGK1 activates ion channels (including ENaC, TRPV5, ROMK, KCNE1/KCNQ1 and CLCKa/Barttin), carriers (including NCC, NKCC, NHE3, SGLT1 and EAAT3), and the Na+/K+-ATPase. It regulates the activity of several enzymes (e.g. glycogen-synthase-kinase-3, ubiquitin-ligase Nedd4-2, phosphomannose-mutase-2), and transcription factors (e.g. forkhead-transcription-factor FOXO3a, β-catenin, nuclear-factor-kappa-B NFκB). A common SGK1 gene variant (~3–5% prevalence in Caucasians, ~10% in Africans) is associated with increased blood pressure, obesity and type 2 diabetes. In patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, SGK1 presumably contributes to fluid retention and hypertension, enhanced coagulation, and increased deposition of matrix proteins leading to tissue fibrosis such as diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, targeting SGK1 may favourably influence occurrence and course of type 2 diabetes.
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