Determinants of natural mating success in the cannibalistic orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi.
Determinants of natural mating success in the cannibalistic orb-web spider Argiope bruennichi.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0031389
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schneider JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zimmer SM;Welke KW;Schneider JM
单性交配系统（雄性交配率低）存在于各种分类群中，并且在蜘蛛中独立进化了多次。一夫一妻制与非凡的男性交配策略有关，并预计会在男性偏向的性别比例下进化。虽然雄性生殖策略有据可查，雄性交配率也很容易量化，特别是在性同类相食的物种中，但雌性生殖策略、最佳雌性交配率以及影响雌性交配率进化的因素仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们检查了自然雌性交配率，并在 Argiope bruennichi 自然种群中测试了雄性偏向的性别比例和雌性一妻多夫制的假设，其中我们在观察之前控制了雌性交配状态。我们预测，由于成熟雌性和雄性分布的空间和时间异质性，雌性交配频率会发生变化。雌性的平均交配率较低，为 1.3 次，而且大多数只交配一次。一妻多夫并不完全是性别比例偏向男性的结果，但与男性重婚率密切相关。雄性活动和一妻多夫的概率与影响信息素存在的因素（例如处女密度）相关。我们得出的结论是，只要雄性有效地保护其父权并且一定频率的双雌性稳定了交配系统，强烈的性别比例偏差和高雌性交配率就不是一夫一妻制交配系统的必要组成部分。
Monogynous mating systems (low male mating rates) occur in various taxa and have evolved several times independently in spiders. Monogyny is associated with remarkable male mating strategies and predicted to evolve under a male-biased sex ratio. While male reproductive strategies are well documented and male mating rates are easy to quantify, especially in sexually cannibalistic species, female reproductive strategies, the optimal female mating rate, and the factors that affect the evolution of female mating rates are still unclear. In this study, we examined natural female mating rates and tested the assumption of a male-biased sex ratio and female polyandry in a natural population of Argiope bruennichi in which we controlled female mating status prior to observations. We predicted variation in female mating frequencies as a result of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of mature females and males. Females had a low average mating rate of 1.3 and the majority copulated only once. Polyandry did not entirely result from a male-biased sex-ratio but closely matched the rate of male bigamy. Male activity and the probability of polyandry correlated with factors affecting pheromone presence such as virgin females' density. We conclude that a strong sex ratio bias and high female mating rates are not necessary components of monogynous mating systems as long as males protect their paternity effectively and certain frequencies of bigyny stabilise the mating system.
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