Child Domestic Work, Violence, and Health Outcomes: A Rapid Systematic Review.
Child Domestic Work, Violence, and Health Outcomes: A Rapid Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph19010427
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发表时间：
2021-12-31
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ranganathan M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thi AM;Zimmerman C;Pocock NS;Chan CW;Ranganathan M
这项快速系统性审查描述了在低收入和中等收入国家进行的17项研究中儿童家庭佣工（CDW）的暴力和健康结果。我们的分析估计，5-17岁的CDW中报告的暴力发生率中位数为56.2%（情感;范围：13-92%），18.9%（身体;范围：1.7-71.4%）和2.2%（性;范围：0-62%）。男孩和女孩都报告了精神虐待和性暴力，其中精神虐待最为常见。在埃塞俄比亚和印度，三分之一至一半的社区发展工作者因暴力而遭受严重的身体伤害和性不安全。在印度和多哥，社区发展工作者的心理社会健康水平低于对照组。在印度，体罚与CDW的不良心理社会健康相关[OR：3.6; 95%CI：3.2-4; p < 0.0001]。在这些研究中，7%至68%的CDW报告了与工作有关的疾病和伤害，三分之一至一半的CDW没有接受任何治疗。儿童平均每天工作9至15小时，没有休息日。调查结果强调，许多CDW暴露于虐待和其他健康危害，但条件有很大不同的背景。由于儿童家务劳动往往具有隐蔽性，今后的举措需要专门针对私人家庭中的儿童。青年工人还将受益于改变社会规范的战略，这些规范围绕着儿童在家庭工作中的价值和脆弱性以及童年时期受到伤害的长期影响。
This rapid systematic review describes violence and health outcomes among child domestic workers (CDWs) taken from 17 studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Our analysis estimated the median reported rates of violence in CDWs aged 5–17-year-olds to be 56.2% (emotional; range: 13–92%), 18.9% (physical; range: 1.7–71.4%), and 2.2% (sexual; range: 0–62%). Both boys and girls reported emotional abuse and sexual violence with emotional abuse being the most common. In Ethiopia and India, violence was associated with severe physical injuries and sexual insecurity among a third to half of CDWs. CDWs in India and Togo reported lower levels of psycho-social well-being than controls. In India, physical punishment was correlated with poor psycho-social well-being of CDWs [OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 3.2–4; p < 0.0001]. Across the studies, between 7% and 68% of CDWs reported work-related illness and injuries, and one third to half had received no medical treatment. On average, children worked between 9 and 15 h per day with no rest days. Findings highlight that many CDWs are exposed to abuse and other health hazards but that conditions vary substantially by context. Because of the often-hidden nature of child domestic work, future initiatives will need to be specifically designed to reach children in private households. Young workers will also benefit from strategies to change social norms around the value and vulnerability of children in domestic work and the long-term implications of harm during childhood.
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