Measuring Mountain River Discharge Using Seismographs Emplaced Within the Hyporheic Zone
Measuring Mountain River Discharge Using Seismographs Emplaced Within the Hyporheic Zone
复制标题
使用安置在潜流带内的地震仪测量山区河流流量
DOI：
10.1002/2017jf004295
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. G. Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert E Anthony;R. Aster;S. Ryan;S. Rathburn;M. G. Baker
河流系统中的水流和泥沙输运动力学在塑造河流形态、河流基础设施的设计和使用以及更广泛的流域管理方面发挥着关键作用。然而，这些特性通常难以全面测量。以前的工作建议使用近端地震信号产生的流量和推移质输运，以构建更完整的记录，这些河流的过程。我们调查了2015年5月至8月期间北方科罗拉多落基山脉的一条小型（184 km2;<20 m3/s）融雪型山区河流，以捕获流量和地震噪声的共定位测量的峰值径流。三分量地震仪被放置在接近潜流区（有时淹没在地下水位以下）内的渠道银行（约1米）。我们记录了由放电激发的广泛的地震信号，包括主要在水平分量上观察到的新型低频（0.1 - 2 Hz）信号。这些低频信号的特征与弹性传播的地震波不一致。相反，我们推断它们可能是由于传感器倾斜而引起的，以响应通道附近发生的粘弹性变形，并提出大尺度湍流涡旋作为强制机制。校准水平地震功率的过程中的暴雨流量为个人传感器，我们证明，这些独特的信号可以用来准确地估计河流流量与简单的回归。这种技术显示出增强地震监测河流的承诺，使排放率从渠道外使用易于部署和非侵入性的地震仪器进行估计。
Flow and sediment transport dynamics in fluvial systems play critical roles in shaping river morphology, in the design and use of riverine infrastructure, and in the broader management of watersheds. However, these properties are often difficult to measure comprehensively. Previous work has suggested the use of proximal seismic signals resulting from flow and bed load transport to construct more complete records of these fluvial processes. We investigate a small (184 km2; < 20 m3/s), snowmelt‐fed mountain river in the Northern Colorado Rocky Mountains during May–August 2015 to capture peak runoff with colocated measurements of discharge and seismic noise. Three‐component seismometers were placed in close proximity to the channel bank (~1 m) within the hyporheic zone (at times submerged beneath the water table). We recorded a broad spectrum of seismic signals excited by discharge, including novel, low‐frequency (0.1–2 Hz) signals observed predominantly on the horizontal components. The characteristics of these low‐frequency signals are not consistent with an elastically propagating seismic wave. We instead infer that they likely arise from the sensor tilting in response to viscoelastic deformation occurring near the channel and propose large‐scale turbulent eddies as a forcing mechanism. Calibrating horizontal seismic power with hydrograph flow rates over the course of a rainstorm for individual sensors, we demonstrate that these unique signals can be used to accurately estimate river discharge with simple regressions. This technique shows promise for augmenting seismic monitoring of rivers by enabling discharge rates to be estimated from outside the channel using easily deployed and noninvasive seismic instrumentation.
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影响因子：
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