Fear conditioned potentiation of the acoustic blink reflex in patients with cerebellar lesions
Fear conditioned potentiation of the acoustic blink reflex in patients with cerebellar lesions
复制标题
小脑病变患者声眨眼反射的恐惧条件性增强
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
D. Timmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Maschke;J. Drepper;K. Kindsvater;F. Kolb;Hans;D. Timmann
目的探讨人小脑是否参与眨眼声反射的恐惧条件性增强。方法10例小脑患者（8例小脑内侧病变，2例小脑半球局限性病变）与16例年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者进行比较。恐惧条件性增强范式包括三个阶段。在第一，习惯化阶段受试者收到20个连续的声音眨眼刺激。在随后的恐惧条件反射阶段，受试者经历了20对无条件恐惧刺激（US;电击）和条件刺激（CS;光）。此后，受试者经历的增强阶段，其中包括一个伪随机顺序的12次试验的声学眨眼刺激单独的，12个声学眨眼刺激与条件刺激配对，和6个条件刺激与非条件刺激配对。在眼轮匝肌记录声瞬目反射的肌电图。增强效应被确定为由成对的CS和声学眨眼刺激诱发的眨眼反射的标准化峰值幅度与由单独的声刺激诱发的眨眼反射的标准化峰值幅度的差异。结果：在习惯化阶段，所有小脑患者的声瞬目反射均保持了短期习惯化。然而，在增强相，与对照组相比，内侧小脑病变患者的眨眼反射增强效应显著降低（平均（SD）增强效应（%），患者：-6.4（15.3），对照组：21.6（35.6）），但在两名外侧病变患者中，该增强效应在正常范围内。结论：本研究结果表明，人类小脑内侧参与了非特异性厌恶反应的联想学习，即恐惧条件强化的声音眨眼反射。
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the human cerebellum takes part in fear conditioned potentiation of the acoustic blink reflex. METHODS A group of 10 cerebellar patients (eight patients with lesions involving the medial cerebellum, two patients with circumscribed lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres) was compared with a group of 16 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. The fear conditioned potentiation paradigm consisted of three phases. During the first, habituation phase subjects received 20 successive acoustic blink stimuli. In the subsequent fear conditioning phase, subjects passed through 20 paired presentations of the unconditioned fear stimulus (US; an electric shock) and the conditioned stimulus (CS; a light). Thereafter, subjects underwent the potentiation phase, which consisted of a pseudorandom order of 12 trials of the acoustic blink stimulus alone, 12 acoustic blink stimuli paired with the conditioned stimulus, and six conditioned stimuli paired with the unconditioned stimulus. The EMG of the acoustic blink reflex was recorded at the orbicularis oculi muscles. The potentiation effect was determined as the difference in normalised peak amplitude of the blink reflex evoked by pairs of CS and acoustic blink stimuli and evoked by the acoustic stimulus alone. RESULTS In the habituation phase, short term habituation of the acoustic blink reflex was preserved in all cerebellar patients. However, in the potentiation phase, the potentiation effect of the blink reflex was significantly reduced in patients with medial cerebellar lesions compared with the controls (mean (SD) potentiation effect (%), patients: −6.4 (15.3), controls: 21.6 (35.6)), but was within normal limits in the two patients with lateral lesions. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the human medial cerebellum is involved in associative learning of non-specific aversive reactions—that is, the fear conditioned potentiation of the acoustic blink reflex.
情感学习、享乐变化和惊吓探针。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Hamm,AO;Greenwald,MK;Bradley,MM;Lang,PJ
通讯作者：
Lang,PJ