A Markov Decision Process Approach for Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Infrastructure Resilience Upgrades

A Markov Decision Process Approach for Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Infrastructure Resilience Upgrades
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用于基础设施弹性升级成本效益分析的马尔可夫决策过程方法

DOI:
10.1111/risa.13838
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Leibowicz, Benjamin D.
Leibowicz, Benjamin D.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhu, Qianru;Leibowicz, Benjamin D.

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由于气候变化有可能导致日益频繁和严重的自然灾害,决策者必须考虑进行昂贵的投资,以增强关键基础设施的抵御能力。使用传统的成本效益分析 (CBA) 方法评估这些潜在的弹性改进通常会出现问题,因为灾难是随机的,甚至可能会破坏坚固的基础设施,这意味着投资的生命周期本身是不确定的。在本文中,我们为基础设施弹性升级的 CBA 开发了一种新颖的马尔可夫决策过程 (MDP) 模型,该模型提供预防(降低灾难发生的概率)和/或保护(减轻灾难成本)的好处。该模型的随机特征包括灾难发生以及灾难是否终止早期弹性升级的有效寿命。从我们的 MDP 模型中,我们推导出决策者为增强基础设施弹性而支付的意愿 (WTP) 的分析表达式,并进行比较静态分析以研究 WTP 如何随问题的基本参数变化。在本文的理论部分之后,我们通过将 MDP 框架应用于电力基础设施强化的两个案例研究,展示了 MDP 框架在现实世界决策中的适用性。第一个案例研究考虑抬高易受洪水影响的变电站,第二个案例研究评估升级输电结构以抵御强风。这两个案例研究的结果表明,关于停电期间负载损失的价值和客户类型分布的假设会显着影响弹性升级的 WTP,并且对于是否实施这些升级的决策至关重要。
As climate change threatens to cause increasingly frequent and severe natural disasters, decisionmakers must consider costly investments to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructures. Evaluating these potential resilience improvements using traditional cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) approaches is often problematic because disasters are stochastic and can destroy even hardened infrastructure, meaning that the lifetimes of investments are themselves uncertain. In this article, we develop a novel Markov decision process (MDP) model for CBA of infrastructure resilience upgrades that offer prevention (reduce the probability of a disaster) and/or protection (mitigate the cost of a disaster) benefits. Stochastic features of the model include disaster occurrences and whether or not a disaster terminates the effective life of an earlier resilience upgrade. From our MDP model, we derive analytical expressions for the decisionmaker's willingness to pay (WTP) to enhance infrastructure resilience, and conduct a comparative static analysis to investigate how the WTP varies with the fundamental parameters of the problem. Following this theoretical portion of the article, we demonstrate the applicability of our MDP framework to real‐world decision making by applying it to two case studies of electric utility infrastructure hardening. The first case study considers elevating a flood‐prone substation and the second assesses upgrading transmission structures to withstand high winds. Results from these two case studies show that assumptions about the value of lost load during power outages and the distribution of customer types significantly influence the WTP for the resilience upgrades and are material to the decisions of whether or not to implement them.
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