Top-down contextual requirement to suppress self-movement influences grasp-specific modulation of corticospinal excitability during action observation
Top-down contextual requirement to suppress self-movement influences grasp-specific modulation of corticospinal excitability during action observation
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抑制自我运动的自上而下的情境要求会影响动作观察过程中皮质脊髓兴奋性的抓握特异性调节
DOI：
10.1101/2020.06.25.171629
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jerjian S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jerjian S
动作观察调节人类通过经颅磁刺激(TMS)测量的皮质脊髓兴奋性(CSE)，这可能揭示了镜像神经元激活对皮质脊髓通路的影响。这些反应可以包括促进和抑制，这两者的平衡可能会限制活动流出到运动中。研究还发现，任务情境对动作观察过程中CSE的变化有显著影响，我们考察了在GO-NOGO范式中嵌入动作观察，强调观察中的动作保留和NOGO试验是否影响了CSE的调节。14名健康受试者在基线期间、抓握观察开始时或在NoGo提示后，在执行、观察或保持两种不同的伸展抓取动作的同时，对左侧初级运动皮质(M1)进行单次脉冲TMS。我们评估了三块手部固有肌肉的运动诱发电位(MEP)的调制，这些肌肉是在动作执行过程中以抓握特定的方式招募的。在抓取观察中，CSE的调制是有限的，并且在本质上主要是抑制的。7名受试者在进入“Go&NoGo”区之前，在没有“Go-Only”状态(“Go-Only”区)的情况下完成同样的任务。我们发现了CSE抓握特异性调制的证据，这与动作执行过程中肌肉的招募模式相匹配。在这些被试中，当引入NoGo条件时，调制被减弱，但仍不同于第一组的调制。这些结果表明，自上而下抑制自我运动的情境要求减弱了自下而上的动作观察中MEP的特定调制，促进和抑制效应由这两个过程之间的平衡决定。SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAction观察可以激活观察者运动系统中的特定通路，这些通路也用于执行相同的动作。这种运动共振是通过使用经颅磁刺激的皮质脊髓兴奋性的变化来测量的，容易受到任务背景的影响。在这项研究中，我们表明，观察抓握动作会导致特定于抓握的兴奋性变化，这与镜像神经元的激活一致，但当观察交错在Go-NoGo范式中时，这种影响被掩盖，该范式强调抑制自己的运动。自上而下的任务要求在试验中和试验之间保持运动，这在大多数动作观察研究中都存在，可能会影响运动共振的程度，敦促在TMS动作观察实验中设计和解释结果时要谨慎。
Action observation modulates corticospinal excitability (CSE) measured via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans, which presumably exposes the effect of mirror neuron activation on corticospinal pathways. These responses can consist of both facilitation and suppression, and the balance of these two may restrict the outflow of activity into movement. Evidence also suggests that task context can considerably influence CSE changes during action observation.Here, we assessed whether embedding action observation within a Go-NoGo paradigm, emphasizing movement withholding on observation and NoGo trials, influenced CSE modulation. Fourteen healthy subjects received single pulse TMS over left primary motor cortex (M1) during a baseline period, grasp observation onset, or after a NoGo cue, while performing, observing, or withholding two distinct reach-to-grasp actions. We assessed modulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in three intrinsic hand muscles, which were recruited in a grasp-specific manner during action execution. CSE modulation was limited, and predominantly suppressive in nature during grasp observation. Seven subjects performed the same task without the NoGo condition (“Go-only” block) immediately before the “Go&NoGo” block. We found evidence for grasp-specific modulation of CSE, which matched the recruitment pattern of the muscles during action execution. Within these subjects, modulation was attenuated when the NoGo condition was introduced, but was still distinct from modulation in the first group.These results suggest that bottom-up grasp-specific modulation of MEPs during action observation is attenuated by the top-down contextual requirement to suppress self-movement, and facilitation and suppression effects are determined by the balance between these two processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAction observation can activate specific pathways in the motor system of the observer, which are also used to perform the same action. This motor resonance, measured via changes in corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation, is susceptible to task context. In this study, we show that observing grasping actions results in grasp-specific changes in excitability, consistent with mirror neuron activation, but this effect is masked when observation is interleaved within a Go-NoGo paradigm, which emphasises suppression of one’s own movement. Top-down task requirements to withhold movement within and across trials, which are present in most action observation studies, likely influence the extent of motor resonance, urging caution in the design and interpretation of results in TMS action observation experiments.
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