Role of a Tyrosine Radical in Human Ceruloplasmin Catalysis.

Role of a Tyrosine Radical in Human Ceruloplasmin Catalysis.
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DOI:
10.1021/acscentsci.0c00953
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发表时间:
2020-10-28
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
Solomon EI
Solomon EI
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tian S;Jones SM;Solomon EI

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多铜氧化酶(MCOs)是真核生物和原核生物中广泛存在的一大类不同的酶,它们将各种底物的单电子氧化与O2的四电子还原为H2O偶联,通过由一种类型铜(T1Cu2)和一种三核铜团簇(Tnc)组成的一系列金属因子发挥作用。人血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)是由6个铜还蛋白结构域组成的MCOs中唯一的成员,含有3个T1、3个铜和1个TNC的6个铜离子。CP的天然底物是Fe2+。它是一种对铁稳态至关重要的铁氧合酶,与金属介导的疾病和金属神经毒性密切相关。在人血清中,CP在底物限制的低[Fe2+]和高[O2]条件下工作,这意味着部分还原的中间体可能参与了CP的催化。在这项工作中,我们首次研究了CP在定义的部分还原状态下的反应性,并发现一个酪氨酸自由基通过氢键与TNC的天然中间体(NI)弱磁耦合。我们的结果提出了一个新的假设,即当Fe2+转运失调时,人的铁运输是通过铁从铁蛋白到CP再到转铁蛋白的配对转移来调节的,CP中的酪氨酸残基作为门来避免活性氧物种(ROS)的形成。保守的酪氨酸残基在部分还原的铜蓝蛋白对O2的四电子还原过程中起关键作用,并在Fe2+供应失调时起到故障保护作用,以避免ROS的形成。
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a large family of diverse enzymes found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes that couple one-electron oxidations of various substrates to the four-electron reduction of O2 to H2O, functioning through a set of metallocofactors consisting of one type 1 copper (T1 Cu) and one trinuclear copper cluster (TNC). Human serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a unique member of MCOs composed of six cupredoxin domains and harbors six Cu ions arranged as three T1 Cu and one TNC. The native substrate of Cp is Fe2+. It is an essential ferroxidase critical for iron homeostasis and is closely associated with metal-mediated diseases and metal neurotoxicity. In human serum, Cp operates under substrate-limiting low [Fe2+] but high [O2] conditions, implying the possible involvement of partially reduced intermediates in Cp catalysis. In this work, we studied for the first time Cp reactivities at defined partially reduced states and discovered a tyrosine radical weakly magnetically coupled to the native intermediate (NI) of the TNC via a hydrogen bond. Our results lead to a new hypothesis that human iron transport is regulated as the paired transfer of iron from ferroportin to Cp to transferrin, and the tyrosine residue in Cp acts as a gate to avoid reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation when Fe2+ delivery is dysregulated. A conserved tyrosine residue is critical in the four-electron reduction of O2 by partially reduced ceruloplasmin and acts as a failsafe to avoid ROS formation when Fe2+ delivery is dysregulated.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.006
发表时间: 2015-11-03
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影响因子: 3.3
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