Uniting against a common enemy: Perceived outgroup threat elicits ingroup cohesion in chimpanzees.
Uniting against a common enemy: Perceived outgroup threat elicits ingroup cohesion in chimpanzees.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0246869
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yamamoto S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brooks J;Onishi E;Clark IR;Bohn M;Yamamoto S
外群威胁已被确定为人类内群凝聚力的重要驱动力，但这种关系的进化起源尚不清楚。野生黑猩猩（黑猩猩）对外群成员具有明显的攻击性，但在群体狩猎和边境巡逻中与许多个体协调复杂的行为。一种假设声称，这些行为是相互进化的，外群体威胁选择内群体凝聚力和群体协调。为了验证这一假设，5组黑猩猩（N = 29个人）后，无论是不熟悉的野生黑猩猩或控制乌鸦的叫声，在他们典型的日常环境中，并在一个上下文中的诱导喂养竞争听到pant-hoots。我们观察到一种行为模式，这种模式与压力和警惕性增加（自我导向行为增加，玩耍减少，休息减少）和群体内凝聚力增加（个体间接近度降低，对食物的攻击减少，在喂食竞争中玩耍增加）一致。这些结果支持了黑猩猩外群威胁增强内群耐受的假设。这表明黑猩猩和人类一样，群体之间的竞争促进了群体凝聚力。
Outgroup threat has been identified as an important driver of ingroup cohesion in humans, but the evolutionary origin of such a relationship is unclear. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the wild are notably aggressive towards outgroup members but coordinate complex behaviors with many individuals in group hunting and border patrols. One hypothesis claims that these behaviors evolve alongside one another, where outgroup threat selects for ingroup cohesion and group coordination. To test this hypothesis, 5 groups of chimpanzees (N = 29 individuals) were observed after hearing either pant-hoots of unfamiliar wild chimpanzees or control crow vocalizations both in their typical daily environment and in a context of induced feeding competition. We observed a behavioral pattern that was consistent both with increased stress and vigilance (self-directed behaviors increased, play decreased, rest decreased) and increased ingroup cohesion (interindividual proximity decreased, aggression over food decreased, and play during feeding competition increased). These results support the hypothesis that outgroup threat elicits ingroup tolerance in chimpanzees. This suggests that in chimpanzees, like humans, competition between groups fosters group cohesion.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2765
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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