Quantitative imaging of membrane contact sites for sterol transfer between endo-lysosomes and mitochondria in living cells.

Quantitative imaging of membrane contact sites for sterol transfer between endo-lysosomes and mitochondria in living cells.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-87876-7
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发表时间:
2021-04-26
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Wüstner D
Wüstner D
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Juhl AD;Heegaard CW;Werner S;Schneider G;Krishnan K;Covey DF;Wüstner D

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线粒体从晚期内体和溶酶体 (LE/LYS) 或质膜接收胆固醇,以产生氧甾醇和类固醇激素。该过程依赖于溶酶体内甾醇转移蛋白 Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2)。使用固有荧光胆固醇类似物胆固醇三烯酚,我们在用 NPC2 蛋白处理 NPC2 缺陷的人成纤维细胞后,直接观察到成纤维细胞中甾醇向线粒体的转运。软 X 射线断层扫描揭示了线粒体的超微结构,并揭示了与内体样细胞器的密切接触。使用荧光显微镜,我们基于欧几里德距离变换相对于线粒体定位含有 NPC2 的内溶酶体,并使用统计推断表明约 30% 的此类 LE/LYS 与人成纤维细胞中的线粒体接触。使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗图像模拟,我们表明两种细胞器类型之间的相互作用(膜接触位点(MCS)的定义特征)可以引起观察到的空间细胞器分布。我们设计了一个方案来确定与线粒体接触的内溶酶体的表面分数,并表明该分数不依赖于功能性 NPC1 或 NPC2 蛋白。最后,我们在延时图像序列中定位包含 NPC2 和线粒体的 LE/LYS 之间的 MCS,并显示它们要么瞬时形成,要么保持稳定数十秒。含有 NPC2 的内溶酶体和线粒体之间的持久 MCS 通过缓慢的异常亚扩散移动,为两个细胞器之间的甾醇运输提供位置和时间。我们的定量成像策略对于表征活细胞中各种细胞器之间 MCS 的动力学和功能具有很高的价值。
Mitochondria receive cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) or from the plasma membrane for production of oxysterols and steroid hormones. This process depends on the endo-lysosomal sterol transfer protein Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2). Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. Soft X-ray tomography reveals the ultrastructure of mitochondria and discloses close contact to endosome-like organelles. Using fluorescence microscopy, we localize endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 relative to mitochondria based on the Euclidian distance transform and use statistical inference to show that about 30% of such LE/LYSs are in contact to mitochondria in human fibroblasts. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo image simulations, we show that interaction between both organelle types, a defining feature of membrane contact sites (MCSs) can give rise to the observed spatial organelle distribution. We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Finally, we localize MCSs between LE/LYSs containing NPC2 and mitochondria in time-lapse image sequences and show that they either form transiently or remain stable for tens of seconds. Lasting MCSs between endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 and mitochondria move by slow anomalous sub-diffusion, providing location and time for sterol transport between both organelles. Our quantitative imaging strategy will be of high value for characterizing the dynamics and function of MCSs between various organelles in living cells.
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