Gender-based approach on the social impact and mental health in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study.
Gender-based approach on the social impact and mental health in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044617
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发表时间：
2020-11-24
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Berenguera A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacques-Aviñó C;López-Jiménez T;Medina-Perucha L;de Bont J;Gonçalves AQ;Duarte-Salles T;Berenguera A
封锁对人们的生活条件和心理健康产生了影响。该研究旨在评估COVID-19封锁措施期间生活在西班牙的成年人的社会影响和心理健康之间的关系，并考虑到基于性别的方法。我们于2020年4月8日至5月28日期间对居住在西班牙的成年人进行了一项横断面研究，并进行了一项在线调查。主要变量为心理健康，焦虑采用广泛性焦虑量表，抑郁采用患者健康问卷。性别分层的多变量有序逻辑回归模型，以评估社会影响变量，焦虑和抑郁之间的关联。共有7053人完成了这项调查。共有31.2%的女性和17.7%的男性报告焦虑。据报道，28.5%的女性和16.7%的男性患有抑郁症。年轻人（18-35岁），特别是妇女，焦虑和抑郁程度较高。潜在的心理健康主要与对COVID-19感染的恐惧有关，尤其是女性的焦虑水平更高（调整顺序OR（aOR）：4.23，95% CI 3.68至4.87），经济状况恶化，女性抑郁水平较高（aOR：1.51，95%CI 1.24至1.84），认为住房不足，以科普锁定尤其与男性的焦虑（aOR：2.53，95%CI 1.93至3.44）。封城的社会影响与性别、年龄及社会经济状况有关。在封锁期间，妇女和年轻人的心理健康状况更差。迫切需要制定应对突发公共卫生事件的战略，其中包括心理健康及其决定因素，同时考虑到基于性别的办法，以减少保健方面的不公平现象。
Lockdown has impacts on people’s living conditions and mental health. The study aims to assess the relations between social impact and mental health among adults living in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown measures, taking a gender-based approach into account. We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain during the lockdown of COVID-19 with an online survey from 8 April to 28 May 2020. The main variable was mental health measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Sex-stratified multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between social impact variables, anxiety and depression. A total of 7053 people completed this survey. A total of 31.2% of women and 17.7% of men reported anxiety. Depression levels were reported in 28.5% of women and 16.7% of men. A higher proportion of anxiety and depression levels was found in the younger population (18–35 years), especially in women. Poorer mental health was mainly related to fear of COVID-19 infection, with higher anxiety levels especially in women (adjusted ordinal OR (aOR): 4.23, 95% CI 3.68 to 4.87) and worsened economy with higher levels of depression in women (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.84), and perceived inadequate housing to cope with lockdown was especially associated with anxiety in men (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.44). The social impact of the lockdown is related to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions. Women and young people had worse mental health outcomes during lockdown. It is urgent to establish strategies for public health emergencies that include mental health and its determinants, taking a gender-based approach into account, in order to reduce health inequities.
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