Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect and Cytoplasmic Irradiation Studies with Microbeams.
Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect and Cytoplasmic Irradiation Studies with Microbeams.
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作者：
微束是研究非目标效应的有用工具，例如辐射引起的旁观者效应以及与细胞质辐射相关的反应。微米甚至亚微米级的光束尺寸能够将辐射能量精确地传递到特定目标。在这里，我们总结了使用不同类型的微束辐照器观察到的旁观者效应和细胞质辐照相关效应，并讨论了参与这些反应的细胞和分子机制。非目标效应可能会增加辐射造成的有害影响，因此更全面地了解该过程将有助于更好地评估辐射造成的损害。尽管对核DNA的直接损伤被认为是导致辐射诱导效应的主要促成事件，但过去二十年积累的证据表明，非目标事件（即细胞没有直接受到辐射，但从受辐射细胞或核外靶点受到辐射的细胞接收信号）也可能导致暴露于电离辐射的生物学后果。凭借微米或亚微米级别的光束直径，微束可以精确地传递辐射，而不会损坏周围区域，或将辐射能量沉积在细胞内的特定亚细胞位置。这种独特的功能无法通过其他类型的辐射设置实现，因此使得微束辐照器可用于辐射诱导旁观者效应（RIBE）和细胞质辐照的研究。在此，总结了 RIBE 和使用微束对细胞质照射的不同反应的研究。还讨论了与旁观者效应相关的可能机制，包括间隙连接细胞间通讯和可溶性信号分子以及细胞质辐射诱导事件中涉及的因素。
Microbeams are useful tools in studies on non-target effects, such as the radiation-induced bystander effect, and responses related to cytoplasmic irradiation. A micrometer or even sub-micrometer-level beam size enables the precise delivery of radiation energy to a specific target. Here we summarize the observations of the bystander effect and the cytoplasmic irradiation-related effect using different kinds of microbeam irradiators as well as discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in these responses. Non-target effects may increase the detrimental effect caused by radiation, so a more comprehensive knowledge of the process will enable better evaluation of the damage resulting from irradiation. Although direct damage to nuclear DNA is considered as the major contributing event that leads to radiation-induced effects, accumulating evidence in the past two decades has shown that non-target events, in which cells are not directly irradiated but receive signals from the irradiated cells, or cells irradiated at extranuclear targets, may also contribute to the biological consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. With a beam diameter at the micrometer or sub-micrometer level, microbeams can precisely deliver radiation, without damaging the surrounding area, or deposit the radiation energy at specific sub-cellular locations within a cell. Such unique features cannot be achieved by other kinds of radiation settings, hence making a microbeam irradiator useful in studies of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and cytoplasmic irradiation. Here, studies on RIBE and different responses to cytoplasmic irradiation using microbeams are summarized. Possible mechanisms related to the bystander effect, which include gap-junction intercellular communications and soluble signal molecules as well as factors involved in cytoplasmic irradiation-induced events, are also discussed.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Buonanno M;Randers-Pehrson G;Smilenov LB;Kleiman NJ;Young E;Ponnayia B;Brenner DJ
通讯作者：
Brenner DJ
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Autsavapromporn N;Suzuki M;Funayama T;Usami N;Plante I;Yokota Y;Mutou Y;Ikeda H;Kobayashi K;Kobayashi Y;Uchihori Y;Hei TK;Azzam EI;Murakami T
通讯作者：
Murakami T
影响因子：
2
作者：
Funayama, Tornoo;Wada, Seiichi;Kobayashi, Yasuhiko
通讯作者：
Kobayashi, Yasuhiko
线虫中辐射诱导的从体细胞到生殖细胞的旁观者信号传导
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Guo, Xiaoying;Sun, Jie;Wu, Lijun
通讯作者：
Wu, Lijun
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0505020102
发表时间：
2005-10-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Belyakov, OV;Mitchell, SA;Brenner, DJ
通讯作者：
Brenner, DJ