Gesture is the primary modality for language creation.
Gesture is the primary modality for language creation.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2022.0066
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发表时间：
2022-03-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goldin-Meadow S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fay N;Walker B;Ellison TM;Blundell Z;De Kleine N;Garde M;Lister CJ;Goldin-Meadow S
语言是如何开始的是科学中最古老的问题之一，但由于缺乏直接证据，理论仍然是推测性的。在这里，我们报告了两个实验，产生经验证据，为语言起源的手势优先和声音优先理论提供信息；在每一项测试中，我们都测试了现代人使用手势或非语言发声来交流一系列意义（995个不同的单词）的能力。实验1是一项跨文化研究，从澳大利亚（n = 30, Mage = 32.63, s.d = 12.42）和瓦努阿图（n = 30, Mage = 32.40, s.d = 11.76）选取信号生产者。实验2是一项跨经验研究，其中制作人要么视力正常（n = 10, Mage = 39.60, s.d = 11.18），要么视力严重受损（n = 10, Mage = 39.40, s.d = 10.37）。一组本科生口译员（n = 140）猜测生产者创造的信号的含义。手势的沟通成功率明显高于声音的沟通成功率（总体上是前者的两倍，61.17% vs 29.04%）。这在不同文化中、跨文化中都是正确的，甚至对于严重视力受损的参与者产生的信号也是如此。手势的成功部分归因于其更大的普遍性（即不同生产者在形式上的相似性）。我们的研究结果支持手势是语言创造的主要形态的假设。
How language began is one of the oldest questions in science, but theories remain speculative due to a lack of direct evidence. Here, we report two experiments that generate empirical evidence to inform gesture-first and vocal-first theories of language origin; in each, we tested modern humans' ability to communicate a range of meanings (995 distinct words) using either gesture or non-linguistic vocalization. Experiment 1 is a cross-cultural study, with signal Producers sampled from Australia (n = 30, Mage = 32.63, s.d. = 12.42) and Vanuatu (n = 30, Mage = 32.40, s.d. = 11.76). Experiment 2 is a cross-experiential study in which Producers were either sighted (n = 10, Mage = 39.60, s.d. = 11.18) or severely vision-impaired (n = 10, Mage = 39.40, s.d. = 10.37). A group of undergraduate student Interpreters guessed the meaning of the signals created by the Producers (n = 140). Communication success was substantially higher in the gesture modality than the vocal modality (twice as high overall; 61.17% versus 29.04% success). This was true within cultures, across cultures and even for the signals produced by severely vision-impaired participants. The success of gesture is attributed in part to its greater universality (i.e. similarity in form across different Producers). Our results support the hypothesis that gesture is the primary modality for language creation.
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1904871116
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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