A tutorial on frailty models.

A tutorial on frailty models.
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DOI:
10.1177/0962280220921889
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发表时间:
2020-11
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Putter H
Putter H
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Balan TA;Putter H

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风险函数在生存分析中起着核心作用。在同质人群中,每个个体的至事件时间分布(由危害描述)相同。分布中的异源性可以通过在风险模型中包括协变量来解释,例如比例风险模型。在这个模型中,具有相同协变量值的个体将具有相同的分布。很自然地认为,并非所有被认为影响生存结局分布的协变量都包括在模型中。这意味着存在未观察到的异质性;具有相同协变量值的个体可能具有不同的分布。解释这种未观察到的异质性的一种方法是在模型中包括随机效应。在事件发生时间的风险模型中,这种随机效应称为脆弱性,由此产生的模型称为脆弱性模型。在本教程中,我们研究生存结果的脆弱模型。我们说明了脆弱性如何诱导选择幸存者中的健康个体,并展示了如何共享的弱点可以用来模拟集群数据中的正相关生存结果。脆弱性分布的拉普拉斯变换在将以脆弱性为条件的危险与种群中观察到的危险和生存函数联系起来方面起着核心作用。可用的软件,主要是在R,将进行讨论,并说明脆弱性模型的使用在两个不同的应用程序,一个中心效应和其他经常性事件。
The hazard function plays a central role in survival analysis. In a homogeneous population, the distribution of the time to event, described by the hazard, is the same for each individual. Heterogeneity in the distributions can be accounted for by including covariates in a model for the hazard, for instance a proportional hazards model. In this model, individuals with the same value of the covariates will have the same distribution. It is natural to think that not all covariates that are thought to influence the distribution of the survival outcome are included in the model. This implies that there is unobserved heterogeneity; individuals with the same value of the covariates may have different distributions. One way of accounting for this unobserved heterogeneity is to include random effects in the model. In the context of hazard models for time to event outcomes, such random effects are called frailties, and the resulting models are called frailty models. In this tutorial, we study frailty models for survival outcomes. We illustrate how frailties induce selection of healthier individuals among survivors, and show how shared frailties can be used to model positively dependent survival outcomes in clustered data. The Laplace transform of the frailty distribution plays a central role in relating the hazards, conditional on the frailty, to hazards and survival functions observed in a population. Available software, mainly in R, will be discussed, and the use of frailty models is illustrated in two different applications, one on center effects and the other on recurrent events.
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