Gradients and consequences of heterogeneity in biofilms.

Gradients and consequences of heterogeneity in biofilms.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41579-022-00692-2
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发表时间:
2022-10
期刊:
Nature reviews. Microbiology
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资源梯度影响新陈代谢,也受到新陈代谢的影响,如果没有影响细胞活动的化学和物理地理的补充地图,我们对不同生态系统中微生物行为的印象是不完整的。微生物生物膜中梯度形成与生理学之间的相互作用对人类健康、工业和工程具有深远的影响。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了在不同环境中生长的生物膜的梯度形成和生理分化的例子。我们还强调了微生物群落中生理异质性的一些后果,包括劳动分工和对压力的抵抗力增强。微生物多细胞性的整体观点,包括物理和化学地形以及在微环境条件下操作的遗传编码功能,对于理解生物膜生理学及其许多作用和潜在应用至关重要。
Resource gradients influence, and are influenced by, metabolism and our impressions of microbial behavior in diverse ecosystems are not complete without complementary maps of the chemical and physical geographies that influence cellular activities. The interplay between gradient formation and physiology in microbial biofilms has far-reaching consequences for human health, industry, and engineering. In this Review, we discuss examples of gradient formation and physiological differentiation in biofilms growing in diverse settings. We also highlight some of the consequences of physiological heterogeneity in microbial communities, including division-of-labor and increased resistance to stress. A holistic view of microbial multicellularity, incorporating physical and chemical topography as well as the genetically encoded functions that operate within microenvironmental conditions, will be essential for understanding biofilm physiology and its many roles and potential applications.
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