Later-Life Work, Health and Well-Being: Enduring Inequalities

Later-Life Work, Health and Well-Being: Enduring Inequalities
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晚年工作、健康和福祉:持久的不平等

DOI:
10.1057/9781137435149_12
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
J. Nazroo
J. Nazroo
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Katey Matthews;J. Nazroo

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预期寿命的延长意味着,与其他国家一样,英国正面临着领取养老金年龄人口相对于工作年龄人口的快速增长,随着退休和经济停滞期的延长,这将给公共支出带来压力。应对人口老龄化政策的一项主要战略是延长工作年限。建议延长就业期限,从而增加养恤金缴款和缩短退休期限,以便为这些问题提供可能的解决办法。鼓励延长工作年限的一个方法是提高国家退休年龄(SPA)。2012年,英国国家统计局(Office for National Statistics)的一份报告显示,英国男性和女性退出劳动力市场的平均年龄分别从2004年的63.8岁和61.2岁上升至64.6岁和62.3岁。尽管2012年的平均年龄接近甚至高于SPA(男性65岁,女性在2012年期间在60岁10个月至61岁4个月之间),但仍有相当一部分人口在达到SPA之前离开了劳动力市场(Phillipson和Smith 2005年)。如果要成功地增加最低工资,就需要了解继续工作的障碍,老年劳动力的组成,以及可能鼓励老年人继续就业的因素。
Increasing life expectancy means the UK, like other countries, is facing a rapidly growing population of those of pension age relative to those of working age, placing strain on public expenditure as periods of retirement and economic inactivity lengthen. A major strategy in policy responses to ageing populations is to extend working lives. Longer periods of employment, leading to greater pension contributions and shorter periods of retirement, are proposed to provide potential solutions to such problems. One means of encouraging longer working lives is to increase state pension age (SPA). In 2012, a report by the Office for National Statistics showed the average age of withdrawal from the labour market in the UK had risen to 64.6 years for men and 62.3 years for women, from 63.8 years and 61.2 years, respectively, in 2004. Although the average in 2012 was close to or even above the SPA (65 for men and between 60 years 10 months and 61 years 4 months across the 2012 period for women), a substantial proportion of the population are still leaving the workforce before reaching SPA (Phillipson and Smith 2005). If increases to the SPA are to be successful, there needs to be an understanding of barriers to remaining in work, of who the older workforce comprises, and of the factors which might encourage older people to remain in employment.
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