New risk factors for obesity and diabetes: Environmental chemicals.
New risk factors for obesity and diabetes: Environmental chemicals.
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DOI：
10.1111/jdi.12318
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kim DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeon JY;Ha KH;Kim DJ
近几十年来，糖尿病和相关代谢疾病的全球患病率急剧增加。国际糖尿病联合会估计，全世界有3.82亿人患有糖尿病（占成人的8.3%），到2035年将有5.92亿人（占成人的10%）患有糖尿病1。据估计，西太平洋地区的糖尿病患者人数比其他地区多。在韩国，糖尿病的患病率为12.4%，估计有401万人2。2型糖尿病占韩国糖尿病病例的95%以上。糖尿病患者和社会为糖尿病治疗和管理其并发症支付了巨大的医疗费用。2013年，全球用于糖尿病的卫生支出至少达到5480亿美元，预计到2035年将超过6270亿美元1。减轻糖尿病负担的努力包括阐明其发病机制和糖尿病的危险因素。2型糖尿病的主要发病机制涉及胰腺b细胞功能障碍和外周胰岛素抵抗。导致2型糖尿病发展的因素包括年老、肥胖、缺乏体力活动、糖尿病家族史和遗传易感性。然而，这些传统的风险因素本身并不能解释全球糖尿病患病率的迅速增加（图1）。最近，许多研究已经研究了这些传统风险因素之外的因素，包括环境化学物质，维生素D和微量元素等营养素，以及肠道微生物组。由于不加控制的工业化，环境污染物污染了空气、水和土壤。因此，在过去的几十年里，人们通过吸入和摄入，不知不觉地、持续地、长期地暴露于环境化学品。有时，化工厂爆炸或化学武器会在特定地区造成大规模的环境化学品急性暴露。
The global prevalence of diabetes and associated metabolic diseases has increased dramatically in recent decades. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 382 million people worldwide have diabetes (8.3% of adults), and that 592 million people (10% of adults) will have diabetes in 20351. The estimated population with diabetes is greater in the Western Pacific than other regions. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.4%, or an estimated 4.01 million people2. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 95% of the diabetes cases in Korea. Patients with diabetes and society pay tremendous medical costs for diabetes treatment and managing its complications. In 2013, global health spending on diabetes reached at least US $548 billion, and this is estimated to exceed US $627 billion by 20351. Efforts to reduce the burden of diabetes involve clarification of its pathogenesis and the risk factors for diabetes. The main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes involves b-cell dysfunction in the pancreas and peripheral insulin resistance. Factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes include old age, obesity, lack of physical activity, a family history of diabetes and a genetic predisposition. However, these traditional risk factors alone cannot explain the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide (Figure 1).Recently, much research has examined factors beyond these conventional risk factors, including environmental chemicals, nutrients such as vitamin D and trace elements, and the intestinal microbiome. With uncontrolled industrialization, environmental pollutants have contaminated the air, water and soil. Consequently, people have been exposed to environmental chemicals unknowingly, continually, and chronically through inhalation and ingestion over the past several decades. Sometimes, chemical plant explosions or chemical weapons cause massive, acute exposure to environmental chemicals in specific regions.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kuo, Chin-Chi;Moon, Katherine;Thayer, Kristina A.;Navas-Acien, Ana
通讯作者：
Navas-Acien, Ana
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Jeon JY;Ko SH;Kwon HS;Kim NH;Kim JH;Kim CS;Song KH;Won JC;Lim S;Choi SH;Jang MJ;Kim Y;Oh K;Kim DJ;Cha BY;Taskforce Team of Diabetes Fact Sheet of the Korean Diabetes Association
通讯作者：
Taskforce Team of Diabetes Fact Sheet of the Korean Diabetes Association
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Tseng, CH;Tai, TY;Chen, CJ
通讯作者：
Chen, CJ
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Lee DH;Lind PM;Jacobs DR Jr;Salihovic S;van Bavel B;Lind L
通讯作者：
Lind L
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Sargis RM
通讯作者：
Sargis RM