A genomic approach to examine the complex evolution of laurasiatherian mammals.

A genomic approach to examine the complex evolution of laurasiatherian mammals.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0028199
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Janke A
Janke A
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hallström BM;Schneider A;Zoller S;Janke A

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尽管对 32 个物种的基因组数据进行了进化分析,但最近的系统发育学研究未能最终解决胎盘哺乳动物树的某些分支。先前对单基因和逆转录子插入数据的分析为最基础分歧的不同系统发育情景提供了支持。结果表明,一些哺乳动物的分歧最好解释为一个进化网络,而不是一棵单一的分叉树。在这些研究中,尽管没有进行详细研究,但劳亚兽亚目超分支的一些目之间的关系得到了很少的支持。因此,收集并比对了 4775 个蛋白质编码基因(6,196,263 个核苷酸),以分析该进化枝的进化。此外,还通过计算机筛选了超过 200,000 个内含子,产生了 32 个系统发育信息丰富的长散布核元件 (LINE) 插入事件。目前的研究表明,Laurasiatheria 的基因组进化最好可以理解为一个进化网络。因此,与将重大进化事件作为分叉树来解决的普遍期望相反,基因组分析揭示了复杂的物种形成过程,即使在哺乳动物的深层分化中也是如此。我们在 1159 个合适基因的子集上举例说明了这一点,这些基因具有各自的历史,很可能是由于不完整的谱系排序或基因渗入,这些过程可能使哺乳动物基因组的谱系变得复杂。这些意想不到的结果对于理解一般的进化具有重大意义,因为即使是一些更高级别的分类单元(例如哺乳动物目)的进化有时也可能不能被解释为简单的分叉模式。
Recent phylogenomic studies have failed to conclusively resolve certain branches of the placental mammalian tree, despite the evolutionary analysis of genomic data from 32 species. Previous analyses of single genes and retroposon insertion data yielded support for different phylogenetic scenarios for the most basal divergences. The results indicated that some mammalian divergences were best interpreted not as a single bifurcating tree, but as an evolutionary network. In these studies the relationships among some orders of the super-clade Laurasiatheria were poorly supported, albeit not studied in detail. Therefore, 4775 protein-coding genes (6,196,263 nucleotides) were collected and aligned in order to analyze the evolution of this clade. Additionally, over 200,000 introns were screened in silico, resulting in 32 phylogenetically informative long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) insertion events. The present study shows that the genome evolution of Laurasiatheria may best be understood as an evolutionary network. Thus, contrary to the common expectation to resolve major evolutionary events as a bifurcating tree, genome analyses unveil complex speciation processes even in deep mammalian divergences. We exemplify this on a subset of 1159 suitable genes that have individual histories, most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting or introgression, processes that can make the genealogy of mammalian genomes complex. These unexpected results have major implications for the understanding of evolution in general, because the evolution of even some higher level taxa such as mammalian orders may sometimes not be interpreted as a simple bifurcating pattern.
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