Early acceleration of electrons and protons at the nonrelativistic quasiparallel shocks with different obliquity angles

Early acceleration of electrons and protons at the nonrelativistic quasiparallel shocks with different obliquity angles
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不同倾角非相对论准平行激波下电子和质子的早期加速

DOI:
10.1088/1674-4527/19/12/182
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发表时间:
2019-08
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Huan Yu
Huan Yu
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jun Fang;Chun-Yan Lu;Jing-Wen Yan;Huan Yu

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通过一维细胞内粒子模拟研究了具有三个倾角的非相对论无碰撞激波中质子和电子的早期加速。模拟中,速度为0.2 c的带电粒子流向反射边界,在下游激波框架中产生声速马赫数为13.4和阿尔文马赫数为16.5的激波。在这些倾角θ=15°、30°和45°的准平行激波中,部分质子和电子可以被注入加速过程,它们在动量空间中的下游谱在1.89×105ωpe−1时刻呈现幂律尾部,其中ωpe是电子等离子体频率。此外,在激波处反射的带电粒子会激发激波上游的磁波。激波倾斜角越大,激波漂移加速度越显着,但加速粒子更容易平行于激波传播方向扩散,参与扩散激波加速。在早期加速阶段,与其他两个倾角相比,θ=15°的激波下游出现了更多高能的质子和电子。此外,在上游区域,三个倾角中θnB = 45°时加速电子的能谱最难,而θnB = 15°和45°时的质子能谱相似,这是激波漂移加速和扩散激波加速有效性竞争的结果。
The early acceleration of protons and electrons in the nonrelativistic collisionless shocks with three obliquities are investigated through 1D particle-in-cell simulations. In the simulations, the charged particles possessing a velocity of 0.2 c flow towards a reflecting boundary, and the shocks with a sonic Mach number of 13.4 and an Alfven Mach number of 16.5 in the downstream shock frame are generated. In these quasi-parallel shocks with the obliquity angles θ = 15°, 30° and 45°, some of the protons and the electrons can be injected into the acceleration processes, and their downstream spectra in the momentum space show a power law tail at a time of 1.89×105ωpe−1 , where ωpe is the electron plasma frequency. Moreover, the charged particles reflected at the shock excite magnetic waves upstream of the shock. The shock drift acceleration is more prominent with a larger obliquity angle for the shocks, but the accelerated particles diffuse parallel to the shock propagation direction more easily to participate in the diffusive shock acceleration. In the early acceleration stage, more energetic protons and electrons appear in the downstream of the shock for θ = 15° compared with the other two obliquities. Moreover, in the upstream region, the spectrum of the accelerated electrons is the hardest for θnB = 45° among the three obliquities, whereas the proton spectra for θnB = 15° and 45° are similar as a result of the competition of the effectiveness of the shock drift acceleration and the diffusive shock acceleration.
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