Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago
Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago
复制标题
埃塞俄比亚裂谷中最早的石头射弹可追溯至 279,000 年前
作者：
Yonatan Sahle;W. K. Hutchings;D. Braun;J. Sealy;L. Morgan;A. Negash;B. Atnafu
射弹武器（即远距离发射的武器）提高了史前狩猎的效率，因为它能够发射更高的冲击力，狩猎更广泛的动物，同时减少与危险猎物物种的对抗。因此，投射物比刺矛有很大的优势。复合射弹技术被认为是复杂行为的标志，是智人成功传播的关键。迄今为止，这种抛射体的直接证据在超过80，000年前是未知的。来自速度依赖性微裂缝特征、诊断损伤模式和人工制品形状的数据表明，早在279，000年前，埃塞俄比亚的尖石制品就被用作抛射武器（以有柄标枪尖端的形式）。结合现有的考古、化石和遗传证据，这些数据将东非视为现代文化和生物学的来源。
Projectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrusting spears. Composite projectile technologies are considered indicative of complex behavior and pivotal to the successful spread of Homo sapiens. Direct evidence for such projectiles is thus far unknown from >80,000 years ago. Data from velocity-dependent microfracture features, diagnostic damage patterns, and artifact shape reported here indicate that pointed stone artifacts from Ethiopia were used as projectile weapons (in the form of hafted javelin tips) as early as >279,000 years ago. In combination with the existing archaeological, fossil and genetic evidence, these data isolate eastern Africa as a source of modern cultures and biology.
弹丸冲击断裂和发射机制：使用复制勒瓦卢瓦点的受控弹道实验的结果
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Iovita R;Schönekeß H;Gaudzinski-Windheuser S;Jäger F
通讯作者：
Jäger F