Measuring Governance Using Cross-Country Perceptions Data
Measuring Governance Using Cross-Country Perceptions Data
复制标题
使用跨国看法数据衡量治理
DOI：
10.4337/9781847203106.00008
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Massimo Mastruzzi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel A. Kaufmann;Aart C. Kraay;Massimo Mastruzzi
本文介绍了一个正在进行的项目，以衡量治理使用crosscountry的看法数据。施政指标衡量施政的六个方面，涵盖1996-2004年期间的209个国家和领土。这些指标基于衡量治理观念的数百个变量，这些变量来自31个不同组织构建的37个独立数据源。我们提出了对治理的估计，以及捕捉每个国家可能值范围的误差幅度。我们展示了在考虑跨国差异和治理随时间的变化时，应如何考虑这些误差幅度。我们发现，一些国家的治理质量在短期内有了显著改善。然而，其他一些国家的情况也在恶化，而许多国家的情况几乎没有变化。平均而言，世界范围内的治理没有改善。
我们认为，基于感知的数据提供了宝贵的见解相对于客观的数据治理，和个别的客观治理措施提供了一个不完整的图片，即使是相当特殊的方面，他们打算衡量的治理。我们还表明，误差幅度并不是唯一的看法为基础的治理措施，但所有的努力，以衡量治理，包括客观指标的一个重要特征。我们还实证调查的重要性，意识形态偏见的专家评估腐败，并发现很少有证据表明，他们是存在的。
各国的治理指标和人均收入高度相关。最近的研究表明，这种相关性反映了从这些治理措施到人均收入的重要因果关系。这种观点的批评者认为，这种相关性抓住了从收入到治理的实质性反向因果关系，并受到了“光环效应”的影响，即富裕国家获得良好评级仅仅是因为它们富有。我们回顾了这两个批评的现有证据，发现它是缺乏的。
This paper describes an ongoing project to measure governance using crosscountry perceptions data. The governance indicators measure six dimensions of governance and cover 209 countries and territories for 1996-2004. They are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 37 separate data sources constructed by 31 different organizations. We present the estimates of governance, and the margins of error capturing the range of likely values for each country. We show how these margins of error should be taken into account when considering cross-country differences and changes over time in governance. We find that in a number of countries the quality of governance improved significantly in the short term. Yet deteriorations also took place in some other countries, while in many there was little change. There has been no worldwide improvement in governance on average.
We argue that perceptions-based data provide valuable insights relative to objective data on governance, and that individual objective measures of governance provide an incomplete picture of even the quite particular dimensions of governance that they are intended to measure. We also show that margins of error are not unique to perceptions based measures of governance, but are an important feature of all efforts to measure governance, including objective indicators. We also empirically investigate the importance of ideological biases in expert assessments of corruption and find little evidence that they are present.
Governance indicators and per capita incomes are highly correlated across countries. Recent research shows that this correlation captures an important causal effect running from measures of governance such as these to per capita incomes. Critics of this view argue that the correlation captures substantial reverse causation from incomes to governance, and is tainted by "halo effects" where rich countries receive good ratings simply because they are rich. We review available evidence on these two critiques and find it to be lacking.
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3595
发表时间：
1998-03
期刊：
Macroeconomics eJournal
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Hall;C. I. Jones
通讯作者：
R. Hall;C. I. Jones
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Beck, T;Clarke, G;Walsh, P
通讯作者：
Walsh, P