Cross-linguistic frequency and the learnability of semantics: Artificial language learning studies of evidentiality

Cross-linguistic frequency and the learnability of semantics: Artificial language learning studies of evidentiality
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跨语言频率和语义的可学习性:证据性的人工语言学习研究

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104194
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Papafragou, Anna
Papafragou, Anna
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Saratsli, Dionysia;Bartell, Stefan;Papafragou, Anna

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通常认为跨语言更普遍的区别更容易学习(类型学流行假说;TPH)。先前的工作在音韵学、形态学和句法方面支持这一观点,但没有涉及语义学。通过对成人的人工语言学习实验,我们测试了TPH对证据性领域(即信息源的语言编码)语义区分的相对可学习性的预测。正如TPH所预测的那样,当暴露于微型证据形态系统时,与较少证实的系统相比,英语中不编码证据性语法的成年英语使用者更好地学习了类型学上最普遍的系统(标记间接的报告信息)(实验1-2)。当使用非语言符号编码证据区别时,也观察到类似的模式(实验3)。我们的数据支持这样的猜想,即在语言和其他符号系统中,一些语义区别比其他语义区别更容易被优先标记和获得。
It is often assumed that cross-linguistically more prevalent distinctions are easier to learn (Typological Prevalence Hypothesis; TPH). Prior work supports this idea in phonology, morphology and syntax but has not addressed semantics. Using Artificial Language Learning experiments with adults, we test predictions made by the TPH about the relative learnability of semantic distinctions in the domain of evidentiality, i.e., the linguistic encoding of information source. As the TPH predicted, when exposed to miniature evidential morphological systems, adult speakers of English whose language does not encode evidentiality grammatically learned the typologically most prevalent system (marking indirect, reportative information) better compared to less-attested systems (Experiments 1–2). Similar patterns were observed when non-linguistic symbols were used to encode evidential distinctions (Experiment 3). Our data support the conjecture that some semantic distinctions are marked preferentially and acquired more easily compared to others in both language and other symbolic systems.
论频繁和不频繁词序的可学习性:一项人工语言学习研究
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