Clone-structured graph representations enable flexible learning and vicarious evaluation of cognitive maps.

Clone-structured graph representations enable flexible learning and vicarious evaluation of cognitive maps.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-22559-5
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发表时间:
2021-04-22
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Lázaro-Gredilla M
Lázaro-Gredilla M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
George D;Rikhye RV;Gothoskar N;Guntupalli JS;Dedieu A;Lázaro-Gredilla M

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认知地图是对环境中空间和概念关系的心理表征,对灵活行为至关重要。为了形成这些抽象的地图,海马体必须学会在不同的背景下以一种能够泛化和有效规划的方式适当地分离或合并混叠的观察。在这里,我们提出了一个特定的高阶图结构,克隆结构的认知图(CSCG),形成克隆的观察不同的情况下,作为一个表示,解决这些问题。CSCG可以有效地学习使用概率序列模型,固有的不确定性是鲁棒的。我们发现,CSCGs可以解释各种认知地图现象,如发现空间关系从别名的感觉,不相交的情节之间的传递性推理,形成可转移的图式。学习不同的克隆为不同的情况下解释了出现分裂细胞观察到迷宫导航和事件特异性反应的圈跑实验。此外,CSCG的学习和推理动力学为不同的位置细胞重映射现象提供了一个连贯的解释。通过将混淆的观察提升到隐藏的空间中,CSCG揭示了潜在的模块性,有助于分层抽象和规划。总之,CSCG为理解海马功能提供了一个简单的统一框架,并可能成为人工智能中形成关系抽象的途径。使用结构化图表示的高阶序列学习-克隆结构化认知图(CSCG)-可以解释海马体如何学习认知图。CSCG为海马中的可转移图式和传递性推理提供了新的解释,并解释了位置细胞、分裂细胞、重叠细胞和各种现象是如何从同一组基本原理中出现的。
Cognitive maps are mental representations of spatial and conceptual relationships in an environment, and are critical for flexible behavior. To form these abstract maps, the hippocampus has to learn to separate or merge aliased observations appropriately in different contexts in a manner that enables generalization and efficient planning. Here we propose a specific higher-order graph structure, clone-structured cognitive graph (CSCG), which forms clones of an observation for different contexts as a representation that addresses these problems. CSCGs can be learned efficiently using a probabilistic sequence model that is inherently robust to uncertainty. We show that CSCGs can explain a variety of cognitive map phenomena such as discovering spatial relations from aliased sensations, transitive inference between disjoint episodes, and formation of transferable schemas. Learning different clones for different contexts explains the emergence of splitter cells observed in maze navigation and event-specific responses in lap-running experiments. Moreover, learning and inference dynamics of CSCGs offer a coherent explanation for disparate place cell remapping phenomena. By lifting aliased observations into a hidden space, CSCGs reveal latent modularity useful for hierarchical abstraction and planning. Altogether, CSCG provides a simple unifying framework for understanding hippocampal function, and could be a pathway for forming relational abstractions in artificial intelligence. Higher-order sequence learning using a structured graph representation - clone-structured cognitive graphs (CSCG) – can explain how the hippocampus learns cognitive maps. CSCG provides novel explanations for transferable schemas and transitive inference in the hippocampus, and for how place cells, splitter cells, lap-cells and a variety of phenomena emerge from the same set of fundamental principles.
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