What Drives Marginal Abatement Costs of Greenhouse Gases on Dairy Farms? A Meta-modelling Approach

What Drives Marginal Abatement Costs of Greenhouse Gases on Dairy Farms? A Meta-modelling Approach
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是什么推动了奶牛场温室气体的边际减排成本?

DOI:
10.1111/1477-9552.12057
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
K. Holm-Müller
K. Holm-Müller
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lengers;K. Holm-Müller

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本文考察了奶牛场温室气体(GHG)排放的边际减排成本(MAC)与牧群规模、产奶量和可用农场劳动力等因素之间的关系,以及价格、温室气体指标和温室气体减排水平之间的关系。一个两阶段的Heckman程序被用来估计这些关系,从一个系统设计的模拟集与一个非常详细的混合整数生物经济农场级模型。然后使用所得的元模型来分析MAC在农场水平条件和温室气体测量中的变化情况。我们发现,简单的温室气体指标导致显著更高的MAC,并且根据农场属性和所选指标的不同,MAC在减排1-5%以上会大幅增加。随着农场规模的增加,MAC迅速下降,但在牛群规模超过40头牛时,这种影响趋于平稳。正如预期的那样,推动每头奶牛毛利率的主要因素也显著影响缓解成本。我们的结果表明,现实生活中的农场的MAC具有很高的可变性。与使用复杂的混合整数生物经济规划模型进行耗时的模拟相比,元模型允许有效地推导农场人口中的MAC分布,从而可以用于提升到区域或部门水平。
This paper examines the relationships between the marginal abatement costs (MAC) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on dairy farms and factors such as herd size, milk yield and available farm labour, on the one hand, and prices, GHG indicators and GHG reduction levels, on the other. A two‐stage Heckman procedure is used to estimate these relationships from a systematically designed set of simulations with a highly detailed mixed integer bio‐economic farm‐level model. The resulting meta‐models are then used to analyse how MAC vary across farm‐level conditions and GHG measures. We find that simpler GHG indicators lead to significantly higher MAC, and that MAC strongly increase beyond a 1–5% emission reduction, depending on farm attributes and the chosen indicator. MAC decrease rapidly with increasing farm size, but the effect levels off beyond a herd size of 40 cows. As expected, the main factors driving gross margins per dairy cow also significantly influence mitigation costs. Our results indicate high variability of MAC on real life farms. In contrast to time consuming simulations with the complex mixed integer bio‐economic programming model, the meta‐models allow the distribution of MAC in a farm population to be efficiently derived and thus could be used to upscale to regional or sector level.
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