Competing tradeoffs between increasing marine mammal predation and fisheries harvest of Chinook salmon.
Competing tradeoffs between increasing marine mammal predation and fisheries harvest of Chinook salmon.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-14984-8
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发表时间：
2017-11-20
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ward EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chasco BE;Kaplan IC;Thomas AC;Acevedo-Gutiérrez A;Noren DP;Ford MJ;Hanson MB;Scordino JJ;Jeffries SJ;Marshall KN;Shelton AO;Matkin C;Burke BJ;Ward EJ
近几十年来，许多海洋哺乳动物捕食者，特别是鳍脚类动物的数量增加，这给通过基于生态系统的管理来平衡人类用途和恢复目标带来了新的挑战。我们使用东北太平洋的时空生物能量学模型来量化自20世纪70年代以来北美西海岸三种鳍足动物和虎鲸(Orcinus Orca)对奇努克鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha)的捕食变化，并将这些估计与鲑鱼渔业进行比较。我们发现，从1975年到2015年，鳍脚类和虎鲸消耗的奇努克三文鱼的生物量从6100吨增加到15200吨(从500万条三文鱼增加到3150万条三文鱼)。尽管在我们的模型中，不同地区之间存在差异，但总的来说，虎鲸消耗的奇努克三文鱼的生物量最大，但海豹(Phoca Vitulina)消耗的个体数量最多。1975-2015年间，成年奇努克鲑鱼产量减少了16,400至9,600吨。因此，尽管渔业减少了捕获量，但在过去40年里，奇努克鲑鱼的捕获量(收获 + 消费)有所增加，这是由于恢复的鳍足动物和濒危的虎鲸的消费。奇努克鲑鱼的长期管理策略需要考虑反弹的捕食者或濒临灭绝的捕食者和猎物之间的潜在冲突。
Many marine mammal predators, particularly pinnipeds, have increased in abundance in recent decades, generating new challenges for balancing human uses with recovery goals via ecosystem-based management. We used a spatio-temporal bioenergetics model of the Northeast Pacific Ocean to quantify how predation by three species of pinnipeds and killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) has changed since the 1970s along the west coast of North America, and compare these estimates to salmon fisheries. We find that from 1975 to 2015, biomass of Chinook salmon consumed by pinnipeds and killer whales increased from 6,100 to 15,200 metric tons (from 5 to 31.5 million individual salmon). Though there is variation across the regions in our model, overall, killer whales consume the largest biomass of Chinook salmon, but harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) consume the largest number of individuals. The decrease in adult Chinook salmon harvest from 1975–2015 was 16,400 to 9,600 metric tons. Thus, Chinook salmon removals (harvest + consumption) increased in the past 40 years despite catch reductions by fisheries, due to consumption by recovering pinnipeds and endangered killer whales. Long-term management strategies for Chinook salmon will need to consider potential conflicts between rebounding predators or endangered predators and prey.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hauser, Donna D. W.;Logsdon, Miles G.;Osborne, Richard W.
通讯作者：
Osborne, Richard W.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Brown, RE;Wright, BE;Laake, J
通讯作者：
Laake, J
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Feist, BE;Steel, EA;Bilby, RE
通讯作者：
Bilby, RE
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ford MJ;Hempelmann J;Hanson MB;Ayres KL;Baird RW;Emmons CK;Lundin JI;Schorr GS;Wasser SK;Park LK
通讯作者：
Park LK
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Adams, Jesse;Kaplan, Isaac C.;Ward, Eric J.
通讯作者：
Ward, Eric J.