Structural snapshots of actively transcribing influenza polymerase.

Structural snapshots of actively transcribing influenza polymerase.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41594-019-0232-z
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发表时间:
2019-06
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Cusack S
Cusack S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kouba T;Drncová P;Cusack S

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流感病毒依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶使用独特的机制将其单链基因组vRNA转录成mRNA。聚合酶最初与一个启动子结合,该启动子包括vRNA的3‘和5’末端。从新生的宿主聚合酶II转录本‘帽子抢夺’的一条短的、有帽的引物被定向到聚合酶活性部位,以启动RNA合成。在这里,我们提供了结构快照,由X射线结晶学和冷冻电子显微镜确定,积极启动流感聚合酶,因为它过渡到过程延长。意想不到的构象变化解除了活性部位空腔的阻碍,使之能够在链分离成不同的出口通道之前建立一个9个碱基对的模板-产物RNA双链。同时,随着模板的移位,启动子碱基对被破坏,模板进入区域被重塑。这些结构揭示了流感聚合酶活性部位的新细节,这将有助于优化核苷类似物或其他直接抑制病毒RNA合成的化合物。
Influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase uses unique mechanisms to transcribe its single-stranded genomic vRNA into mRNA. The polymerase is initially bound to a promoter comprising the partially base-paired 3′ and 5′ extremities of the vRNA. A short, capped primer, ′cap-snatched′ from a nascent host polymerase II transcript, is directed towards the polymerase active site to initiate RNA synthesis. Here we present structural snapshots, determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, of actively initiating influenza polymerase as it transitions towards processive elongation. Unexpected conformational changes unblock the active site cavity to allow establishment of a nine base-pair template-product RNA duplex before the strands separate into distinct exit channels. Concomitantly, as the template translocates, the promoter base-pairs are broken and the template entry region is remodelled. These structures reveal new details of the influenza polymerase active site that will help optimize nucleoside analogs or other compounds that directly inhibit viral RNA synthesis.
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