Pollution Status and Human Exposure of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) in China.
Pollution Status and Human Exposure of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) in China.
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中国十溴二苯醚（BDE-209）污染现状及人体暴露
DOI：
10.1021/acsomega.7b00559
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发表时间：
2017-07-31
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Han C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ji X;Ding J;Xie X;Cheng Y;Huang Y;Qin L;Han C
十溴二苯醚（BDE-209/decaBDE）是一种在中国生产量很大的溴化阻燃剂，即使在禁止五溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚混合物之后，十溴二苯醚商用混合物仍在山东省莱州湾生产。近年来，对中国生产的阻燃剂的需求一直在增加，因为中国不仅生产电子设备，而且还拥有众多的电子废物（电子废物）回收区，这些回收区接收来自国内外的电子废物。在每个不同地区的生物和非生物介质中观察到了高浓度的BDE-209，特别是在十溴二苯醚制造商和电子废物回收领域。BDE-209被认为具有毒性和生物累积性，因为它可能脱溴为溴化程度较低的多溴二苯醚（分子量和疏水性较低），更容易被生物体吸收。珠江三角洲城市地区灰尘中的多溴二苯醚浓度最高，达到40 236 ng g-1，BDE-209占多溴二苯醚总量的比例最大（95.1%）。此外，幼儿的BDE-209危险商数最大（0.703），接近1。这表明，接触BDE-209可能会增加不良影响和器官损害的可能性（例如，肺）通过吸入、灰尘摄入和皮肤吸收，特别是对于幼儿组与其他组相比。在日常食物和人体组织中，也广泛检测到BDE-209的含量。然而，BDE-209对人类的毒性和不良影响尚不清楚;因此，需要开展进一步的研究，以更好地评估毒理学效应和接触情景，并针对BDE-209及其脱溴副产品在中国的生态风险制定更完善的环境政策。
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209/decaBDE) is a high-production-volume brominated flame retardant in China, where the decaBDE commercial mixture is manufactured in Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, even after the prohibition of penta- and octaBDE mixtures. The demand for flame retardants produced in China has been increasing in recent years as China not only produces electronic devices but also has numerous electronic waste (e-waste) recycling regions, which receive e-wastes from both domestic and foreign sources. High concentrations of BDE-209 have been observed in biotic and abiotic media in each of the different areas, especially within the decaBDE manufacturers and e-waste recycling areas. BDE-209 has been viewed as toxic and bioaccumulative because it might debrominate to less brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (lower molecular weight and hydrophobicity), which are more readily absorbed by organisms. The highest concentration of PBDEs in dust within urban areas reached 40 236 ng g–1 in the Pearl River Delta, and BDE-209 contributed the greatest proportion to the total PBDEs (95.1%). Moreover, the maximum hazard quotient was found for toddlers (0.703) for BDE-209, which was close to 1. This suggests that exposure to BDE-209 might lead to increased potential for adverse effects and organ harm (e.g., the lungs) through inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption, especially for the group of toddlers compared to others. In daily food and human tissues, the amount of BDE-209 was also extensively detected. However, the toxicity and adverse effect of BDE-209 to humans are still not clear; thus, further studies are required to better assess the toxicological effects and exposure scenarios, a more enhanced environmental policy for ecological risks regarding BDE-209 and its debrominated byproducts in China.
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