Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., as a green manure for ameliorating soil exposed to acid rain in Southern China
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., as a green manure for ameliorating soil exposed to acid rain in Southern China
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灯盏细辛 (Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.)，作为改良中国南方酸雨土壤的绿肥
DOI：
10.1007/s11368-008-0041-1
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Zhou, Guoyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Juxiu;Peng, Shanjiang;Zhang, Deqiang;Xu, Zhihong;Faivre-vuillin, Benjamin;Zhou, Guoyi
背景、目的和范围中国南方土壤酸化问题日益受到关注。在田间施用的传统绿色肥料主要包括豆科植物，这往往会加速土壤酸化。此外，酸沉积可以作为氮的来源。因此，我们寻找新的植物物种，当用作绿肥时，它们可以提高养分浓度，减少土壤酸度，或者至少不会使土壤酸度恶化。材料与方法研究了灯盏花（Erigeron annuus， L.）珀耳斯。在广州开阔地区进行酸雨（SAR）模拟处理（pH 5.8 ~ 3.0）改良酸性土壤的盆栽试验。这些罐子被分为A组和B组。第0天，A组灌满土壤，种植雏菊幼苗。B组只填土作为对照。第40天，采收黄芪幼苗，埋于相应的花盆中。试验第54天，两组每盆播种菜豆2粒。然后，以青豆幼苗生长和产量为指标，评价青豆在酸性土壤上的施用效果。在第0、40、54和150天采集植物和/或土壤样品；测量了相应的参数。结果表明，即使在酸性很强的土壤中，黄杨也能保持良好的生长。第40天，与A组相比，B组不加黄芪的培养皿pH显著降低（P < 0.0001）。第54天，黄芪作为粪肥掩埋后，除pH 4.0处理外，a组各处理土壤pH均较第40天显著升高（P < 0.01）。与此同时，除Ca对照罐外，a组土壤K、P （P < 0.001）、Ca （P < 0.05）和Mg （P < 0.001）浓度均显著高于B组（P < 0.001）。施肥后土壤交换性钾和有效磷浓度增加了一倍，钙和镁含量增加了25%左右。讨论第40天A组土壤pH值高于B组，这是由于黄杨根系对NO3−的大量吸收所致。A组施药后土壤pH升高的原因是大量K的释放、有机N的矿化和有机酸阴离子的氧化。施肥后A组土壤养分增加主要是残渣分解过程中养分释放的结果。与未施肥的对照相比，施用了肥料的土壤对青豆幼苗的生长和产量有显著的促进作用。黄杨在酸性红土中能保持良好的生长。栽培该植物并以1.6 t ha - 1的速率施用于土壤，可使土壤钾、磷浓度增加一倍，土壤交换性钙、镁浓度提高约25%。本种将是中国南方酸性土壤中良好的绿肥候选种。施用黄花蒿还可通过降低铝毒性和阳离子淋滤对作物生长产生有益影响。建议和展望由于黄芪可以在最少的护理下改善土壤pH值和养分浓度，因此在需要低成本溶液的情况下，建议用于处理产量低的酸性土壤。
Background, aims, and scopeIncreasing soil acidification is a growing concern in southern China. The traditional green manures applied in the fields mostly comprise legumes that tend to accelerate soil acidification. Moreover, acid deposition can act as a source of nitrogen. Hence, we looked for new plant species that would enhance nutrient concentrations when used as green manure and would reduce soil acidity or at least not worsen it.Materials and methodsWe studied the use of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. for ameliorating acid soil in a pot experiment with simulated acid rain (SAR) treatments (pH 5.8 to 3.0) in an open area in Guangzhou City. The pots were divided into two groups named A and B groups. On day 0, pots of A group were filled with soil and planted with Erigeron annuus seedlings. Pots of B group were only filled with soil as the control. On day 40, seedlings of E. annuus were harvested and buried in the corresponding pots. On day 54, two seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were sown in each pot in both groups. The growth and bean yield of P. vulgaris seedlings were then used to evaluate the effects of E. annuus on acid soil. Plant and/or soil samples were collected on days 0, 40, 54, and 150; corresponding parameters were measured.ResultsResults showed that E. annuus could maintain a good growth even on very acid soil. On day 40, the pH decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) in the B group pots without E. annuus compared with the A group. On day 54, after E. annuus was buried as a manure, the soil pH of all A group treatments except the pH 4.0 treatment showed a significant increase compared to day 40 (P < 0.01). At the same time, the application of E. annuus as a manure produced a significant increase of soil K and P (P < 0.001), Ca (P < 0.05), and Mg (P < 0.001) concentrations of all A group SAR treatments compared to their B group counterparts (except control pots for Ca). The soil exchangeable K and available P concentration doubled, and Ca and Mg increased by around 25% in the presence of the E. annuus manure application.DiscussionThe higher soil pH in the A group than B group on the day 40 was due to a great absorption of NO3− by the roots of E. annuus. The soil pH increase after E. annuus was applied to the soil of A group was attributed to the release of high amount of K, the mineralization of organic N, and the oxidation of organic acid anions. Nutrient increase in the A group after E. annuus application was mostly the result of the nutrient release during the residue decomposition. The amelioration of the soil was effective as demonstrated by the enhanced growth and bean yield of P. vulgaris seedlings on the manured soil compared to the seedlings grown on a control that was not manured.ConclusionsE. annuus could maintain a good growth in the acid lateritic field soil. Cultivating this plant and applying it to the soil with a rate of 1.6 ton ha−1 doubled the soil K and P concentrations and increased soil exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations by around 25%. This species would be a good green manure candidate for growing in the acid soils of southern China. Application of E. annuus also has beneficial effects on crop growth through reduced Al toxicity and cation leaching.Recommendations and perspectivesSince E. annuus would improve soil pH and nutrient concentrations with minimum care, it is recommended for treating acid soils with poor yield whenever a low-cost solution is required.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
C. Marschner
通讯作者：
C. Marschner
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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