Introduction: Humanitarianism and Biography
Introduction: Humanitarianism and Biography
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简介：人道主义与传记
DOI：
10.1080/14780038.2023.2183625
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Dampier H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dampier H
著名记者斯泰西·杜利（Stacey Dooley）抱着一个困惑的乌干达儿童的自拍照引发了评论，称世界不需要更多的白色救世主。脚注1这样的自我表述是立即熟悉的，因为名人人道主义者作为同情的调解人有着深厚的历史根源。脚注2人道主义活动家和组织一直依赖自我叙述来促进他们的工作。他们对自我实现、情感觉醒和精神或准精神意义的追求的描述，提供了一种自我负责的手段，也起到了促进理想、事业和组织认同的作用。我们在这期特刊中的论点是，人道主义传记--在这里被理解为生活写作和生活史--对于理解人道主义作为一个文化生产领域的形成至关重要，它有自己的（通常是高度性别化的）流派，情感剧目和表演性。一方面，正如达尔拉戈和奥沙利文所指出的，个人的生活史可以说明人道主义行动中的矛盾和突发事件，并说明他们的工作的跨国层面。另一方面，自发的同情、精神追求和职业价值的个人叙述是道德理性被赋予干预陌生人生活和赋予社会价值的手段。脚注4值得注意的是，在这个领域，即使人道主义工作的性质及其资金基础发生了重大变化，杰出的传记也可以代表组织理想的一致性。对作为“真实生活”的传记和作为自我再现的传记之间的相互作用的探索，与我们批判性地重新审视知识和权威来源的产生的议程密切相关，这些知识和权威来源是撰写人道主义叙事、发出公众呼吁以及开展和阐述个人和组织人道主义行动的基础。脚注6本特刊中的文章考虑了英国和英国殖民地和传教士帝国环境中个人的生活史和生活著作，有时作为孤独的行为者，有时作为人道主义组织的成员，每个人都有明显不同的公众形象和传记痕迹，每个人都列举了帝国，国际和国家层面的人道主义行动。其中包括我们关于艾米丽·霍布豪斯和1899-1902年南非战争的文章以及贝特朗·泰伊和亚当·米勒关于哈德斯菲尔德饥荒救济委员会（Hudfam）创始人伊丽莎白·威尔逊的文章中女性和平主义者对人道主义自我的建构的考虑。迷迭香克雷斯韦尔对英国红十字会主席伍尔顿勋爵的调查分析了自传体写作在人道主义和政治承诺谈判中的作用，而罗伯特·巴勒斯（Robert Burroughs）对被救赎的奴隶莉娜·克拉克（Lena Clark）和梅勒妮·奥本海默（Melanie Oppenheimer）对澳大利亚红十字会主席海伦·门罗·弗格森夫人（后来的诺瓦尔子爵夫人）的文章则对档案馆的沉默进行了传记式的调查。乔伊·达穆西分析了名人传记在宣传国际联盟在澳大利亚的人道主义理想方面的作用。
The celebrity journalist Stacey Dooley’s selfie holding a bemused Ugandan child prompted comments that the world did not need any more white saviours. Footnote 1 Such self-representations are instantly familiar, for celebrity humanitarian as mediator of compassion has deep historical roots. Footnote 2 Humanitarian activists and organisations have always relied upon narratives of the self to promote their work. Their accounts of self-realisation, emotional awakening and spiritual or quasi-spiritual quests for meaning offer a means to self-accountability and function also to promote ideals, causes and organisational identity. Our contention in this Special Issue is that humanitarian biographies–understood here as both life writings and life histories–are crucial to understanding the formation of humanitarianism as a field of cultural production with its own (often highly gendered) genres, emotional repertoires and performativity. On the one hand, as Dal Lago and O’Sullivan have suggested, the life history of the individual can illuminate the contradictions and contingencies in humanitarian action and illustrate the transnational dimensions of their work. Footnote 3 On the other hand, personal narratives of spontaneous compassion, spiritual quest and professional values are the means by which moral reason is bestowed upon interventions in strangers’ lives and given social value. Footnote 4 Notably, this is a field in which prominent biographies can be made to stand for the consistency of organisational ideals even where the nature of humanitarian work and its funding-base has undergone significant change. Footnote 5 An exploration of the interplay between biography as the ‘lived life’and biography as self-representation is germane to our agenda of critically re-examining the production of the sources of knowledge and authority upon which humanitarian narratives are written, public appeals are made and individual and organisational humanitarian action is undertaken and explicated. Footnote 6The articles in this Special Issue consider the life histories and life writings of individuals in Britain and British-colonial and missionary-imperial settings, at times as lone actors and at others as members of humanitarian organisations, each with distinctly different public profiles and biographical traces, and each instantiating multiple imperial, international and national layers of humanitarian action. These include considerations of the construction of the humanitarian self in female pacifist accounts in our article on Emily Hobhouse and the 1899–1902 South African War and in Bertrand Taithe and Adam Millar’s article on Huddersfield Famine Relief Committee (Hudfam) founder Elizabeth Wilson. Analysis of the role of autobiographical writing in the negotiation of humanitarian and political commitment features in Rosemary Cresswell’s investigation of British Red Cross Chair Lord Woolton, while a biographical inquiry into the speaking silences of the archive is pursued in articles by Robert Burroughs on redeemed slave Lena Clark and by Melanie Oppenheimer on Lady Helen Munro Ferguson (later Viscountess Novar) President of the Australian Red Cross. Joy Damousi analyses the role of celebrity biographies in publicising the humanitarian ideals of the League of Nations in Australia.
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亨利
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Ce que la misère nous donne à repenser, avec Joseph Wresinski
影响因子：
--
作者：
Christian Januth;J. Page
通讯作者：
J. Page
救助儿童会、人道主义项目和团结政治：重振多萝西·巴克斯顿的愿景。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
E. Baughan;J. Fiori
通讯作者：
J. Fiori
评论文章：全球人道主义中的口语、跨国生活和多重身份
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Enrico Dal Lago;Kevin O’Sullivan
通讯作者：
Kevin O’Sullivan
女权主义对人道主义救济历史的看法（1870-1945）
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dolores Martín;B. Edgar;M. Leyder
通讯作者：
M. Leyder
人道主义系统的历史：西方的起源和基础
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Davey;J. Borton;M. Foley
通讯作者：
M. Foley