If you plan, then you can: How reflection helps defensive pessimists pursue their goals
If you plan, then you can: How reflection helps defensive pessimists pursue their goals
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如果你有计划，那么你就可以：反思如何帮助防御性悲观主义者追求他们的目标
DOI：
10.1007/s11031-009-9125-5
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Lavonia Smith Lebeau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karen Gasper;R. H. Lozinski;Lavonia Smith Lebeau
本研究探讨了防御性悲观主义的两个倾向（悲观主义和反思）是如何独立影响防御性悲观主义过程的。它研究了这样一个假设，即反思或计划的倾向不仅鼓励计划，而且鼓励对这些计划的追求，从而抵消了悲观主义的有害影响。与这些预测相一致的是，两项研究表明，反思的倾向有助于防御性悲观主义者通过（a）增加目标的重要性，（B）促进努力，（c）提高最初的期望，（d）缓冲预期的失败刺痛来实现他们的计划。悲观情绪增加了焦虑，降低了期望，从而阻碍了业绩。因此，反思的倾向不仅通过促进计划，而且还通过帮助追求这些计划的过程来抵消悲观主义。
This research examines how the two propensities that underlie defensive pessimism (pessimism and reflection) operate independently to influence the defensive pessimistic process. It investigates the hypothesis that the propensity to reflect, or plan, counteracts the detrimental effects of pessimism by encouraging not only planning, but also the pursuit of those plans. Consistent with these predictions, two studies revealed that the propensity to reflect helped defensive pessimists pursue their plans by (a) increasing goal importance, (b) promoting effort, (c) raising initial expectations, and (d) buffering the anticipated sting of failure. Pessimism hindered performance by increasing anxiety and lowering expectations. Thus, the propensity to reflect counteracts pessimism by not only promoting planning, but also processes that help the pursuit of those plans.
考虑即将发生的事件的积极或消极可能性的动机和情感后果。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Showers,C
通讯作者：
Showers,C
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Pomerantz,EM;Saxon,JL;Oishi,S
通讯作者：
Oishi,S