Efficacy of universal masking for source control and personal protection from simulated cough and exhaled aerosols in a room.
Efficacy of universal masking for source control and personal protection from simulated cough and exhaled aerosols in a room.
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DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2021.1939879
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Noti JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindsley WG;Beezhold DH;Coyle J;Derk RC;Blachere FM;Boots T;Reynolds JS;McKinney WG;Sinsel E;Noti JD
口罩可减少咳嗽和呼气时产生的呼吸性气雾剂的排放(“源头控制”)。人们面对的方向(方位)和间隔距离等因素也会影响气溶胶的扩散。然而，目前还不清楚掩蔽、定向和距离的综合影响如何影响个人暴露在室内空间的呼吸性气溶胶中。我们将呼吸气溶胶模拟器(“源”)和呼吸模拟器(“接收器”)放置在一个3m x 3m的小室中，并测量了不同掩蔽、方位和分离距离组合下的气溶胶浓度。当模拟器在咳嗽时从前到前时，口罩在0.9米和1.8米间隔时将受试者15分钟的平均气溶胶浓度降低了92%。当模拟器并排时，口罩在0.9米处降低了81%的浓度，在1.8米处降低了78%。在呼吸过程中，口罩在0.9米处从前向前降低了66%，在并排时降低了76%。在1.8米处也有类似的结果。当模拟器不戴面具时，从前面到前面改变方向使咳嗽气溶胶浓度在0.9米和1.8米分别降低了59%和60%。当两个模拟器都戴上口罩时，两个模拟器在0.9米和1.8米时，咳嗽气溶胶浓度分别降低了59%和60%。在咳嗽或呼吸过程中，改变方向都不会显著改变两个距离的浓度。咳嗽时，模拟器之间的距离从0.9m增加到1.8m，不戴口罩时，气溶胶浓度降低25%，但当两个模拟器都戴上口罩时，影响不大。在呼吸过程中，当两个模拟器都没有被屏蔽时，增加间隔使浓度降低了13%，接近显著，而当来源和接受者都被屏蔽时，变化不显著。我们的结果表明，无论来源和接受者之间的方位和分离距离如何，通用掩蔽都能减少呼吸气溶胶颗粒的暴露。
Face masks reduce the expulsion of respiratory aerosols produced during coughs and exhalations (“source control”). Factors such as the directions in which people are facing (orientation) and separation distance also affect aerosol dispersion. However, it is not clear how the combined effects of masking, orientation, and distance affect the exposure of individuals to respiratory aerosols in indoor spaces. We placed a respiratory aerosol simulator (“source”) and a breathing simulator (“recipient”) in a 3 m x 3 m chamber and measured aerosol concentrations for different combinations of masking, orientation, and separation distance. When the simulators were front-to-front during coughing, masks reduced the 15-minute mean aerosol concentration at the recipient by 92% at 0.9 and 1.8 m separation. When the simulators were side-by-side, masks reduced the concentration by 81% at 0.9 m and 78% at 1.8 m. During breathing, masks reduced the aerosol concentration by 66% when front-to-front and 76% when side-by-side at 0.9 m. Similar results were seen at 1.8 m. When the simulators were unmasked, changing the orientations from front-to-front to side-by-side reduced the cough aerosol concentration by 59% at 0.9 m and 60% at 1.8 m. When both simulators were masked, changing the orientations did not significantly change the concentration at either distance during coughing or breathing. Increasing the distance between the simulators from 0.9 m to 1.8 m during coughing reduced the aerosol concentration by 25% when no masks were worn but had little effect when both simulators were masked. During breathing, when neither simulator was masked, increasing the separation reduced the concentration by 13%, which approached significance, while the change was not significant when both source and recipient were masked. Our results show that universal masking reduces exposure to respiratory aerosol particles regardless of the orientation and separation distance between the source and recipient.
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DOI：
10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409
发表时间：
2021-01-07
期刊：
Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
发表时间：
2020-12-11
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Honein MA;Christie A;Rose DA;Brooks JT;Meaney-Delman D;Cohn A;Sauber-Schatz EK;Walker A;McDonald LC;Liburd LC;Hall JE;Fry AM;Hall AJ;Gupta N;Kuhnert WL;Yoon PW;Gundlapalli AV;Beach MJ;Walke HT;CDC COVID-19 Response Team
通讯作者：
CDC COVID-19 Response Team
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bourouiba, Lydia;Dehandschoewercker, Eline;Bush, John W. M.
通讯作者：
Bush, John W. M.
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7007e1externalicon
发表时间：
2021-02-19
影响因子：
33.9
作者：
Brooks, John T.;Beezhold, Donald H.;Lindsley, William G.
通讯作者：
Lindsley, William G.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Lindsley, William G.;Reynolds, Jeffrey S.;Beezhold, Donald H.
通讯作者：
Beezhold, Donald H.