Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom.
Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
82.9
通讯作者：
Pouwels KB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pritchard E;Matthews PC;Stoesser N;Eyre DW;Gethings O;Vihta KD;Jones J;House T;VanSteenHouse H;Bell I;Bell JI;Newton JN;Farrar J;Diamond I;Rourke E;Studley R;Crook D;Peto TEA;Walker AS;Pouwels KB
COVID-19疫苗接种在一般社区预防新型严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的有效性仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用了国家统计局COVID-19感染调查-一项对生活在英国随机选择的私人家庭中的个人进行的大型社区调查-来评估BNT 162 b2的有效性（Pfizer-BioNTech）和ChAdOx 1 nCoV-19（牛津-阿斯利康; ChAdOx 1）疫苗对任何新的SARS-CoV-2 PCR阳性检测，根据自我报告的症状，周期阈值（<30 vs ≥30;作为病毒载量的替代）和基因阳性模式（是否与B.1.1.7兼容）。使用2020年12月1日至2021年5月8日期间从383，812名参与者采集的鼻和咽拭子的1，945，071个实时PCR结果，我们发现，ChAdOx 1或BNT 162 b2疫苗接种在首次接种后≥21天，（分别为61%（95%置信区间（CI）= 54-68%）与66%（95% CI = 60-71%）），第二次给药后观察到更大的降低（分别为79%（95% CI = 65-88%）与80%（95% CI = 73-85%））。观察到症状性感染和/或病毒负荷较高的感染的降幅最大。总体而言，COVID-19疫苗接种减少了新的SARS-CoV-2感染的数量，在两次疫苗接种后以及针对症状性和高病毒负荷感染时获得的益处最大，并且没有证据表明BNT 162 b2和ChAdOx 1疫苗之间存在差异。英国国家统计局COVID-19感染调查办公室的结果表明，ChAdOx 1 nCoV-19和BNT 162 b2疫苗单次接种可将新的SARS-CoV-2感染率降低65%，两次接种后可降低80%，两种疫苗之间的疗效无显著差异。
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the general community is still unclear. Here, we used the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey—a large community-based survey of individuals living in randomly selected private households across the United Kingdom—to assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any new SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive tests, split according to self-reported symptoms, cycle threshold value (<30 versus ≥30; as a surrogate for viral load) and gene positivity pattern (compatible with B.1.1.7 or not). Using 1,945,071 real-time PCR results from nose and throat swabs taken from 383,812 participants between 1 December 2020 and 8 May 2021, we found that vaccination with the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines already reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥21 d after the first dose (61% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54–68%) versus 66% (95% CI = 60–71%), respectively), with greater reductions observed after a second dose (79% (95% CI = 65–88%) versus 80% (95% CI = 73–85%), respectively). The largest reductions were observed for symptomatic infections and/or infections with a higher viral burden. Overall, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections, with the largest benefit received after two vaccinations and against symptomatic and high viral burden infections, and with no evidence of a difference between the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines. Results from the Office of National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey in the United Kingdom demonstrate that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccines reduce the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections by up to 65% with a single dose and up to 80% after two doses, with no significant differences in efficacy observed between the two vaccines.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abg3055
发表时间：
2021-04-09
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2034577
发表时间：
2020-12-31
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C4591001 Clinical Trial Group
影响因子：
64.8
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2101765
发表时间：
2021-04-15
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Balicer RD
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00575-4
发表时间：
2021-03-27
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
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Ethelberg S