Coexistence in diverse communities with higher-order interactions.
Coexistence in diverse communities with higher-order interactions.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2205063119
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发表时间：
2022-10-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
一些物种相互作用，称为高阶相互作用，只有在生态群落中有许多物种时才会出现。这些相互作用在自然界中可能很频繁，尽管它们在形成物种共存中的作用尚未得到充分探索。在这里，我们将高阶相互作用纳入到不同群落动态的数学模型中，并表明控制成对相互作用对共存影响的许多规则延伸到高阶情况。我们的理论只需要少量的参数来预测在平衡状态下共存的物种的数量。因此，经验主义者可以使用我们的框架来产生高阶相互作用如何影响自然中物种共存的期望。大多数生态模型的一个中心假设是，群落中的相互作用仅在物种对之间进行。然而，两个物种可能相互影响焦点物种的生长。尽管三个或更多物种之间的相互作用（称为高阶相互作用）有可能改变我们对共存的理论理解，但生态学家对这些相互作用如何塑造群落结构缺乏明确的预期。在这里，我们分析预测和数值证实了高阶相互作用的变异性和强度如何影响物种共存。我们发现，随着高阶相互作用强度在物种间的变化越来越大，可以共存的物种越来越少，这与成对模型的行为相呼应。如果种间的高阶相互作用相对于自我调节变得太有害，那么不同群落的共存就会不稳定，但当这些相互作用太弱，互惠的高阶效应变得普遍时，共存也会失去。这种行为取决于相互作用的功能形式，因为当相互作用的强度与物种密度饱和时，互惠的高阶相互作用的不稳定效应得到改善。最后，我们证明了由高阶相互作用构建的物种丰富的群落比物种缺乏的群落更容易失去物种，从而推广了群落稳定性的经典结果。我们的工作为高阶相互作用如何影响不同群落中的物种共存提供了必要的理论期望。
Some species interactions, termed higher-order interactions, can only emerge when there are many species in an ecological community. These interactions are likely frequent in nature, although their role in shaping the coexistence of species is poorly explored. Here we incorporate higher-order interactions into a mathematical model of the dynamics of diverse communities and show that many of the rules governing the effects of pairwise interactions on coexistence extend to the higher-order case. Our theory requires only a small number of parameters to predict the number of species coexisting at equilibrium. As a result, empiricists can use our framework to generate expectations for how higher-order interactions influence species coexistence in nature. A central assumption in most ecological models is that the interactions in a community operate only between pairs of species. However, two species may interactively affect the growth of a focal species. Although interactions among three or more species, called higher-order interactions, have the potential to modify our theoretical understanding of coexistence, ecologists lack clear expectations for how these interactions shape community structure. Here we analytically predict and numerically confirm how the variability and strength of higher-order interactions affect species coexistence. We found that as higher-order interaction strengths became more variable across species, fewer species could coexist, echoing the behavior of pairwise models. If interspecific higher-order interactions became too harmful relative to self-regulation, coexistence in diverse communities was destabilized, but coexistence was also lost when these interactions were too weak and mutualistic higher-order effects became prevalent. This behavior depended on the functional form of the interactions as the destabilizing effects of the mutualistic higher-order interactions were ameliorated when their strength saturated with species’ densities. Last, we showed that more species-rich communities structured by higher-order interactions lose species more readily than their species-poor counterparts, generalizing classic results for community stability. Our work provides needed theoretical expectations for how higher-order interactions impact species coexistence in diverse communities.
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