Use of Mendelian Randomization for Identifying Risk Factors for Brain Tumors.
Use of Mendelian Randomization for Identifying Risk Factors for Brain Tumors.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2018.00525
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kurian KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howell AE;Zheng J;Haycock PC;McAleenan A;Relton C;Martin RM;Kurian KM
胶质瘤是一组原发性脑肿瘤，其中最常见和最具侵袭性的亚型是胶质母细胞瘤。胶质母细胞瘤诊断后的中位生存期仅为 15 个月。只有既往暴露于电离辐射和特定的遗传性遗传综合征才被认为是神经胶质瘤的危险因素；绝大多数病例被认为是自发发生的。先前的观察性研究描述了几种危险因素与神经胶质瘤之间的关联，但研究经常相互矛盾，并且这些关联是否反映了真正的因果关系尚不清楚，因为观察性研究可能容易受到混杂、测量误差和反向因果关系的影响。孟德尔随机化 (MR) 是工具变量分析的一种形式，可用于为暴露（例如风险因素）和结果（例如疾病发作）之间的因果关系提供支持证据。 MR 利用与暴露密切相关的遗传变异，例如单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，来确定暴露是否对结果有因果影响。 MR 不太容易受到混杂、反向因果关系和测量误差的影响，因为它基于遗传变异受孕期间的随机遗传，可以相对准确地测量。在之前的研究中，MR 表明基因预测的端粒长度增加与神经胶质瘤风险增加有关，但几乎没有证据表明肥胖相关因素、维生素 D 或特应性是神经胶质瘤风险的原因。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 MR 及其在发现和验证神经胶质瘤新危险因素、机制因素和治疗靶点方面的潜在用途。
Gliomas are a group of primary brain tumors, the most common and aggressive subtype of which is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma has a median survival of just 15 months after diagnosis. Only previous exposure to ionizing radiation and particular inherited genetic syndromes are accepted risk factors for glioma; the vast majority of cases are thought to occur spontaneously. Previous observational studies have described associations between several risk factors and glioma, but studies are often conflicting and whether these associations reflect true casual relationships is unclear because observational studies may be susceptible to confounding, measurement error and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a form of instrumental variable analysis that can be used to provide supporting evidence for causal relationships between exposures (e.g., risk factors) and outcomes (e.g., disease onset). MR utilizes genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are robustly associated with an exposure to determine whether there is a causal effect of the exposure on the outcome. MR is less susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement errors as it is based on the random inheritance during conception of genetic variants that can be relatively accurately measured. In previous studies, MR has implicated a genetically predicted increase in telomere length with an increased risk of glioma, and found little evidence that obesity related factors, vitamin D or atopy are causal in glioma risk. In this review, we describe MR and its potential use to discover and validate novel risk factors, mechanistic factors, and therapeutic targets in glioma.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Burgess S
通讯作者：
Burgess S
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Braganza, M. Z.;Rajaraman, P.;Park, Y.;Inskip, P. D.;Freedman, N. D.;Hollenbeck, A. R.;de Gonzalez, A. Berrington;Kitahara, C. M.
通讯作者：
Kitahara, C. M.
心血管研究中的孟德尔随机化：临床医生的简介。
DOI：
10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310605
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
Heart (British Cardiac Society)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bennett DA;Holmes MV
通讯作者：
Holmes MV
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Darefsky, Amy S.;Dubrow, Robert
通讯作者：
Dubrow, Robert
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Castle, WE
通讯作者：
Castle, WE