The economic approach to ‘theory of mind’
The economic approach to ‘theory of mind’
复制标题
“心智理论”的经济学方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Robson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nikolaus Robalino;A. Robson
心理理论（Theory of Mind，简称ToM）是一项伟大的进化成就。它是一种特殊的智能，不仅可以评估自己的愿望和信仰，也可以评估他人的愿望和信仰。它是否是人类独有的还存在争议，但很明显，人类至少比其他任何动物都更擅长心理理论。经济学家和博弈理论家已经开发出复杂而强大的ToM模型，我们在这里提供了详细的总结。这种经济理论需要一种信仰的等级制度。我知道我的偏好，我对你的偏好有信念（概率分布），对你对我的偏好的信念有信念，等等，然后我们将这种经济心理理论与神经科学的理论方法和一般的经验数据进行对比。尽管这种经济观点提供了一个基准，并对经验趋势提出了有用的建议，但它并不总是与数据紧密吻合。这提供了一个机会，协同跨学科生产的可证伪理论的有限理性。特别是，一个建立在进化生物学基础上的心理理论，可能有足够的结构来具有预测能力，同时保持相当的普遍性。我们草拟了两份文件，代表在这个方向上的初步步骤。
Theory of mind (ToM) is a great evolutionary achievement. It is a special intelligence that can assess not only one's own desires and beliefs, but also those of others. Whether it is uniquely human or not is controversial, but it is clear that humans are, at least, significantly better at ToM than any other animal. Economists and game theorists have developed sophisticated and powerful models of ToM and we provide a detailed summary of this here. This economic ToM entails a hierarchy of beliefs. I know my preferences, and I have beliefs (a probabilistic distribution) about your preferences, beliefs about your beliefs about my preferences, and so on. We then contrast this economic ToM with the theoretical approaches of neuroscience and with empirical data in general. Although this economic view provides a benchmark and makes useful suggestions about empirical tendencies, it does not always generate a close fit with the data. This provides an opportunity for a synergistic interdisciplinary production of a falsifiable theory of bounded rationality. In particular, a ToM that is founded on evolutionary biology might well be sufficiently structured to have predictive power, while remaining quite general. We sketch two papers that represent preliminary steps in this direction.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0400-10.2010
发表时间：
2010-06-30
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
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作者：
Yoshida W;Dziobek I;Kliemann D;Heekeren HR;Friston KJ;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ