Experimental Studies of the effects of the research process on participant behaviour

社会科学面临的一个关键国家挑战是制定和评估具有成本效益的健康行为干预措施，这些干预措施可能在个人层面产生相对较小的影响，但当聚集在大量人口中时，会产生可衡量的好处。评估这类干预措施所需的试验通常会因研究设计和行为测量而产生偏差，因此导致对疗效和成本效益的估计不佳。通过量化研究过程的各个方面对干预效果估计的影响程度，将加强努力，以解决国家健康优先事项，如缺乏体育活动、吸烟、危险饮酒和营养不良。

A key national challenge for social science is to develop and evaluate cost effective health behaviour interventions that may have relatively small effects at the individual level, but which, when aggregated across a large population, produce a measurable benefit. The trials required to evaluate such interventions are typically subject to biases arising from study design and measurement of behaviour, and therefore result in poor estimates of efficacy and cost-effectiveness. By quantifying the extent to which aspects of the research process affect estimates of intervention efficacy, efforts to address national health priorities such as physical inactivity, smoking, hazardous drinking, and poor nutrition will be enhanced.