Impact of Herbivores on a Costa Rican Deciduous Forest

这是一个建议，继续在热带地区的研究， 即使不是世界上最好的热带生态学家， 丹尼尔詹森。 这是一个正在扩大的动植物基础研究项目 在热带的相互作用，干森林的圣罗莎国家 公园位于哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特省西北部， 结果直接应用于干旱森林问题， 生态和生物文化恢复（以及 以传统方式出版和推广）。 意见和 将在以下方面进行实地试验： 1. 沙鼠的种群统计和种子捕食者专一性 （多刺口袋鼠）。 2. 3100多个物种的寄主特异性（在野外） 毛毛虫 3. 支持寄生蜂和蝇类的寄主特异性 被野生的鳞翅目动物群捕获 4. 毛虫的种类组成 中型鸟的雏鸟。 5. 毛毛虫对食物的不同加工 潜在有毒植物与那些以富含 潜在的抑制剂。 6. 种子生产生物学的树木Hymenoea courbaril， 青果类（cyclocarpum）、大果戴奥里（Dioclea megacarpa）和海氏无叶藓（Ateleia herbert-smithii）。 7. 侵入牧场、老田地、树木福尔斯和山体滑坡 干燥的森林树木。 8. 木材生长率和老化（按生长量）的简要研究 环）的树H。courbaril和E.环果芸香， 拜访水果和花朵的蛾类 圣罗莎，蛾蛹和大树种子的休眠， 有种子的树的果实脱落的详细物候学 分散的地面大型食草动物，使用季节性 变化作为昆虫的线索， 毛虫，落叶对果树的影响 生产，终止毛虫爆发， 毛毛虫在野外的存活率 在热带地区的森林被残酷砍伐的时候， 研究至关重要。 它刺激并继续 激励了几代热带生态学家， 科学和实用价值。 生态 美国国家科学基金会很高兴支持这项研究。

This is a proposal to continue research in the tropics by one of the, if not the world's, premier tropical ecologists, Professor Daniel Janzen. This is an expanding basic research program on animal-plant interactions in the tropical, dry forests of Santa Rosa National Park in northwestern Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, with the results being applied directly to the problem of dry forest ecological and biocultural restoration (as well as being published and popularized in traditional ways). Observations and field experiments will be conducted on: 1. Demography and seed predator specificity of Liomys salvini (spiny pocket mice). 2. Host-specificity (in the wild) of the 3100-plus species of caterpillers. 3. Host-specificity of the parasitoid wasps and flies supported by the wild Lepidoptera fauna. 4. Species composition of the caterpillars brought to the nestlings of medium-sized birds. 5. Differential food processing by caterpillars feeding on potentially toxic plants versus those feeding on plants rich in potential inhibitors. 6. Seed production biology of the trees Hymenoea courbaril, cyclocarpum, Dioclea megacarpa and Ateleia herbert-smithii. 7. Invasion of pastures, old fields, tree falls and landslides by dry forest trees. 8. Brief studies: wood increment rates and aging (by growth rings) of the tree H. courbaril and E. cyclorcarpum, migration of fruit- and flower-visiting moths in and out of Santa Rosa, dormancy of moth pupae and large tree seeds, detailed phenology of fruit drop by trees with seeds dispersed by ground-based large herbivores, use of seasonal changes as cues by insects, escape behavior of large caterpillars, impact of defoliation on fruit crop production, termination of caterpillar outbreaks, and caterpillar survivorship in the wild. At a time when tropical areas are being brutally deforested, this research is of paramount importance. It stimulated and continues to stimulate generations of tropical ecologists and is of scientific and practical value in and of itself. The Ecology Program of the NSF is pleased to support the research.