Political Authority, Social Change, and Legal Evolution in Indonesia

政治制度和社会结构的变化影响着法律程序和法律意识形态。随之而来的一个科学问题是，随着中产阶级的重要性日益增加，法律程序的重要性是否也在增加，从而有助于界定政治权力和保护个人。利用历时性和共时性分析，Lev博士的研究在印度尼西亚的丰富数据背景下调查了法律和法律意识形态对社会变革和政治冲突的反应。印度尼西亚是一个社会和政治异常复杂的国家，自1945年以来经历了快速的经济、社会和政治变革。这样一来，他的工作不仅将填补印度尼西亚法律和社会研究的关键空白，而且将为法律演变研究增添新的和令人耳目一新的理论视角。具体来说，Lev博士将汇集几种类型的数据：档案数据；在过去二十年或更长时间内与政治、法律和其他人物进行的个人访谈；对司法听证会、立法辩论以及法律程序、机构特权和责任以及机构控制的政治冲突的关键问题的新闻报道；以及人口变化的统计数据。他的分析包括对中产阶级在过去二十年中随着经济增长而扩张的人口分析；一方面是植根于国家法律机构并受到国家政治领导人青睐的本质上是世袭的法律概念，另一方面是私人企业家、专业人士和城市知识分子（包括学生）日益坚持的尚不成熟但可识别的自由主义法律概念，这两者之间已经发展起来的激烈斗争。另一方面；以及对这场斗争中的制度设置和问题的分析。他的目的是描绘冲突和变化的政治和观念细节，并解释新群体如何从内部塑造他们对法律和法律制度的取向。

Changes of political regime and social structure affect legal process and legal ideology. A scientific question which arises is whether as the middle class grows in importance, so too does the importance of legal processes increase, thereby serving to delimit political power and protect the individual. Utilizing both diachronic and synchronic analysis, Dr. Lev's study investigates the legal and legal-ideological response to social changes and political conflict in the rich context of data from Indonesia, a country of extraordinary social and political complexity and one which has experienced rapid economic, social and political change since 1945. In so doing, his work will not only fill a critical gap in the study of Indonesian law and society, but also will add a new and refreshing theoretical perspective to the study of legal evolution. Specifically, Dr. Lev will bring together data of several types: archival data; personal interviews conducted with political, legal and other figures over the last two decades or more; press reports of judicial hearings, legislative debates, and critical issues of conflict over legal procedure, institutional prerogatives and responsibilities, and the politics of institutional control; and statistical data on demographic change. His analyses include a demographic analysis of middle class expansion during the last two decades in response to economic growth; an analysis of the intense struggle that has developed between an essentially patrimonial conception of law imbedded in state legal institutions and favored by state political leaders, on the one hand, and a still inchoate but identifiably liberal conception of law to which private entrepreneurs, professionals, and urban intellectuals (including students) increasingly adhere, on the other; and an analysis of the institutional settings and issues in this struggle. His aim is to map the political and ideational details of conflict and change and explain how, from within, new groups fashion their orientation to law and legal institutions.