Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Social Production of Authority at the Iron Age Community of Diouboye, Eastern Senegal

在Dr. Carla M. Sinopoli的监督下，Cameron Gokee将分析2008-2009年在Diouboye考古发掘的考古证据，Diouboye是位于塞内加尔东部falsamum<s:1>河上的一个铁器时代中期（约公元500-1000年）的村庄遗址。作为小村庄和活动区景观中最大的聚落，Diouboye遗址包括十几个独立的建筑遗迹和文物区域，每个区域都代表了一个或多个家庭的长期居住。整个遗址的地面收集和六个占领区域的挖掘，以及两个可能的工艺生产车间，产生了大量的考古证据，包括家庭小屋和粮仓的基础，壁炉，用于烹饪和储存的破碎陶器，用于获取和加工食物的石器，日常膳食和仪式祭祀的动植物遗骸，铁和铜工具和装饰品，还有来自长途贸易的稀有玻璃珠和贝壳。通过关注Diouboye，本研究将最终通过探索家庭作为基本的比较社会单位如何通过控制其所支配的物质和社会资源来协商权力关系，从而有助于研究各种规模的社会中的权力和权威。Gokee对建筑、陶器和其他手工艺品的初步分析表明，居住在该遗址一两个职业区域的人部分控制了手工艺品（金属、陶器、纺织品）的生产，并可能进行贸易。利用剩余的考古数据（动物骨骼、烧焦的植物遗骸和石器/碎片）来比较挖掘的建筑群之间的资源生产和消费模式，Gokee将确定村里的家庭如何协商控制当地的能源，如耕地、牲畜、公共劳动和仪式知识。此外，从每个家庭的长期职业序列中测定的放射性碳年代将允许解释这些权力关系在几个世纪中是如何变化或保持不变的。除了提供对西非史前村庄生活的新见解和解决社会科学重要性问题外，该项目还具有几个更广泛的影响。首先，这项研究将构成Gokee博士论文的基础；随后的英文和法文出版物将促进西非和北美考古学家、人类学家和历史学家之间的学术合作。通过会议论文和出版物传播研究成果将进一步突出人类学方法对西非考古调查的价值。其次，动物遗骸的鉴定将为塞内加尔和国外的考古学家进一步的考古研究提供宝贵的参考资料。第三，在塞内加尔东部一个研究不足的地区，通过与几个机构（包括法国非政府组织tsamactraktys、塞内加尔康塞尔rsamacrional de Tambacounda和当地村庄社区）合作，该项目有助于日益重视社区参与、文化遗产和资源管理，以制定法尔萨伊姆斯中部地区的自然和文化保护战略。

Under the supervision of Dr. Carla M. Sinopoli, Cameron Gokee will analyze archaeological evidence from his 2008-2009 excavations at Diouboye, a middle Iron Age (ca. AD 500-1000) village site located on the Falémé River in eastern Senegal. As the largest settlement in a landscape of smaller hamlets and activity areas, the site of Diouboye included over a dozen discrete areas of architectural remains and artifacts, each representing long-term occupation by one or more household compounds. Surface collections across the entire site and excavations at six occupation areas, and two possible craft production workshops, produced a considerable array of archaeological evidence including the foundations of domestic huts and granaries, hearths, broken pottery for cooking and storage, stone tools for procuring and processing food, animal and plant remains from daily meals and ritual sacrifice, iron and copper tools and ornaments, and rare glass beads and cowry shells from long-distance trade. By focusing on Diouboye, this research will ultimately contribute to the study of power and authority in societies at all scales by exploring how households, as basic comparative social units, negotiate relations of power through control over the material and social resources at their disposal. Gokee's preliminary analysis of the architecture, pottery, and other craft items suggests that people living in one or two occupation areas at the site partly controlled the production of crafts (metal, pottery, textiles), and possibly trade. Using the remaining archaeological data (animal bones, charred plant remains, and stone tools/debris) to compare patterns of resource production and consumption between excavated compounds, Gokee will determine how households in the village negotiated control over local sources of power such as cultivable land, livestock, communal labor, and ritual knowledge. Furthermore, radiocarbon dates from the long-term sequence of occupation within each household will permit an interpretation of how these relations of power changed, or stayed the same, over several centuries. Beyond providing new insights into prehistoric village life in West Africa and addressing questions of social scientific import, this project has several broader impacts. First, the study will form the basis for Gokee's doctoral dissertation; subsequent publications in both English and French will cultivate academic collaborations among archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians in West Africa and North America. This dissemination of the research findings through conference papers and publications will further highlight the value of an anthropological approach to archaeological inquiry in West Africa. Second, the identification of faunal remains will create an invaluable reference collection for further archaeozoological research by archaeologists from Senegal and abroad. Third, this project contributes to a growing emphasis on community engagement, cultural heritage, and resource management in an under-researched area of eastern Senegal through collaboration with several institutions - including the French NGO Tétraktys, the Senegalese Conseil Régional de Tambacounda, and local village communities -to develop strategies for natural and cultural conservation in the central Falémé region.