A Biography of August Krogh

巴赫、莫扎特和施特劳斯家族以音乐闻名。同样，有些家庭以他们的科学而闻名。其中比较著名的是赫胥黎、居里和玻尔家族。另一个不太出名的科学家族是丹麦的克拉夫家族。奥古斯特·克拉夫因其对毛细血管的研究而获得诺贝尔生理学奖，但这项工作只是他对该领域的许多贡献的一小部分，包括对动物和人类呼吸的开创性研究，渗透调节的比较生理学，以及膜运输。他的妻子玛丽·乔根森·克拉夫（Marie Jorgensen Krogh）不仅在他的许多项目上与丈夫合作，而且还进行了自己的独立研究，包括她对人体肺部扩散能力的经典研究，以及人类生理学和营养学方面的其他工作。他们的女儿博迪尔·施密特-尼尔森（Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen）也成为一名成功的科学家，在肾脏生理学方面进行了重要的研究，并成为美国生理学会（American Physiological Society）的主席。虽然克拉夫家族现在并不那么出名，但这种情况似乎有可能改变。她的女儿，施密特-尼尔森教授，在这笔资金的支持下，正在为她的父母写一本科学传记。施密特-尼尔森教授为这项研究带来了独特的资格。作为一名生理学家，她对父母的工作非常了解，也能与父母的学生和朋友交流。她懂丹麦语，而且由于她的职位，她有特殊的渠道获取消息来源。此外，她对历史方法论有着深刻的理解，这在杰出的科学家中是罕见的。她将检查哥本哈根皇家图书馆的大量档案材料，包括私人家庭信件。她已经联系并获得了她的父母、合作者和学生的资料。她的研究有望从一个非常私人和亲密的角度为我们提供对科学事业的经典研究。虽然这样的研究有时会有问题，但施密特-尼尔森教授完全理解这些问题，并展示了她克服这些问题的能力，并以真正理解的方式写了她父母的科学工作。这项研究有望引起对20世纪研究发展感兴趣的历史学家、哲学家和生物学家的极大兴趣。

The families Bach, Mozart and Strauss are known for music. Similarly, there are families known for their science. Among the more famous are the Huxley, Curie, and Bohr families. Another, not so well-known scientific family is that of the Krogh's of Denmark. August Krogh won the Nobel prize in physiology for his study of capillaries, but this work was only a small part of his many contributions to the field including pioneering studies of respiration in animals and man, in comparative physiology of osmoregulation, and in membrane transport. His wife, Marie Jorgensen Krogh, not only collaborated with her husband on many of his projects, but carried out independent research of her own including her classic study of the diffusion capacity of human lungs, other work in human physiology and nutrition. Their daughter, Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, also became a successful scientist carrying out important research on kidney physiology and rising to become the president of the American Physiological Society. Though the Krogh family is not so well-known now, this situation seems likely to change. The daughter, Professor Schmidt-Nielsen, is undertaking with the support of this grant a scientific biography of her parents. Professor Schmidt-Nielsen brings unique qualifications to this study. As a physiologist herself, she thoroughly understands her parents work and can communicate with their students and friends. She knows Danish, and, because of her position, has special access to sources. Further, she has a sophisticated understanding of historical methodology which is rare among eminent scientists. She will examine vast amounts of archival material in the Royal Library in Copenhagen including personal family letters. She has already contacted and obtained materials from her parents collaborators and students. Her study promises to provide us with a classic study of the scientific enterprise from a very personal and intimately informed position. While such studies can be problematic at times, Professor Schmidt-Nielsen fully understands these problems and has demonstrated her ability to overcome them and write with real understanding about the scientific work of her parents. This study promises to be of great interest for historians, philosophers and biologists interested in the development of 20th century research.