A Study of the Cosmic Ray Modulation and Solar Cosmic Ray Events Using Ground-Based Neutron Monitors and Spacecraft Cosmic Ray Detectors

宇宙射线是研究的较长数据库之一 太阳活动的时间变化。 的可用性 在几个太阳活动周期中连续记录的数据， 监视器对于各种各样的调查都很重要。 宇宙线调制 例如，来自中子监测器的数据是 对于评估高能量调制的程度至关重要 宇宙射线和可能的不对称性，在这种调制从周期， 循环：这些数据也可以作为低能耗的基线 宇宙射线梯度测量，并帮助了解 太阳宇宙射线事件中高能粒子的传播。 这项拨款将继续宇宙射线中子的运作 在Mt.华盛顿和达勒姆，并继续研究， 将这些地基宇宙线观测与近地联系起来 IMP系列航天器的宇宙射线望远镜数据， 从先驱者号上获得的距离地球很远的类似数据 10号和11号以及旅行者1号和2号。 山华盛顿是唯一一个 提供连续数据覆盖的纬度中子监测器， 近三个太阳周期，从该站的数据已被用于 作为地球高能宇宙射线通量的标准指标， 在全球范围内进行气球和卫星试验。 目前 许多其他团体要求这些数据作为航天器的时基， 气球测量 包括这些地面 观察提供了一个重要的额外层面， 航天器测量 该补助金将支持以下具体问题， 山华盛顿和航天器的数据如上所述：（1）宇宙 在地球和日心距离超过15 海流恢复阶段的天文单位（Au） （2）径向宇宙线的积分和微分 45 Au梯度;（3）纬度强度梯度;（4） （5）太阳层边界对宇宙射线强度的影响;（5）其他 研究，包括在减少和 不同太阳周期的增加部分， 宇宙射线调制在过去三个太阳周期，特别是在 最小调制期，2月的Forbes型减少 6，1986年，和（6）的加速，注射和传播的 1978年5月7日和1984年2月16日太阳宇宙线中的质子 事件

Cosmic rays represent one of the longer data bases for studying the temporal variation of solar activity. The availability of continuous data records during several solar cycles from a neutron monitor is important for a wide variety of investigations of the cosmic ray modulation. For example, data from neutron monitors are essential for evaluating the extent of the modulation of high energy cosmic-rays and possible asymmetries in this modulation from cycle to cycle: these data also serve as a baseline for lower-energy cosmic-ray gradient measurements and help to understand the propagation of energetic particles in solar cosmic-ray events. This grant will continue the operation of the cosmic-ray neutron monitors at Mt. Washington and Durham and continue studies which relate these ground-based cosmic-ray observations to near earth cosmic ray telescope data from the IMP series of spacecraft and similar data at large distances from the earth acquired from Pioneers 10 and 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2. Mt. Washington is the only high latitude neutron monitor providing continuous data coverage over almost three solar cycles, the data from that station have been used as standard indicators of the energetic cosmic-ray flux at earth by balloon and satellite experiments on a worldwide basis. Currently many other groups request the data as a time base for spacecraft and balloon measurements. The inclusion of these ground-based observations provides an essential additional dimension to the spacecraft measurements. The grant will support the following specific problems using the Mt. Washington and spacecraft data described above: (1) the cosmic ray intensities at earth and at heliocentric distances beyond 15 Astronomical Unit (AU) during the recovery phase of the current modulation cycle; (2) the integral and differential radial cosmic-ray gradients 45 AU; (3) latitudinal intensity gradients; (4) the effect of the heliospheric boundary upon the cosmic-ray intensity; (5) other studies, to include the phase-lag effects during the decreasing and increasing portions of different solar cycles, a comparison of the cosmic-ray modulation in the last three solar cycles particularly at periods of minimum modulation, the Forbush-type decrease of February 6, 1986, and (6) the acceleration, injection and propagation of the protons in the May 7, 1978 and February 16, 1984 solar cosmic ray events.