The Inner Regions of Quasars

最近的观察和理论思想提出了新的方法， 研究类星体的内部结构。 一个旋转的巨大黑洞似乎是 解释无线电喷流（光束），并通过吸积，巨大的 从射电到X射线以外的类星体的光度。 如果 吸积气体具有角动量， 关于黑洞的旋转 相对论性光束的新证据 类星体核心的无线电辐射支持了 “统一方案”，解释核心主导类星体作为 双，叶主导类星体看到端，并允许我们使用 该无线电装置被构造为确定 类星体的视线。 最近的观察表明， 窄发射线和宽发射线的轴对称结构 区域（NLR和BLR）和与无线电轴对齐。 如果这 “统一方案”是正确的，新的观察意味着一个波束 光学连续，在核心主导的类星体中很重要， 在叶瓣主导的类星体中微不足道。 新多频 连续能量分布的观测表明， 来自吸积盘的热辐射和其他辐射占主导地位， 光学到远紫外光谱，而热尘或自由自由 发射在近红外区域占主导地位。 这项研究将测试“计划”，并探讨其后果 类星体内部区域倾斜度的变化， 用于分离连续光谱的光度测定和旋光测定 成分的红外-紫外，并通过观察发射线 光谱和无线电，光学和X射线光度， 类星体样本 这些观察结果可以与 轴对称宽带电离的新运动学模型 线区域由盘或“喷射”连续体。 如果“计划”是 不正确，那么这些观察将测试非常强的联系， 无线电、光学和X射线性质之间的联系， 定义未来的假设。

Recent observations and theoretical ideas suggest new ways of investigating the inner structure of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). A spinning, massive black hole seems the most plausible way to explain radio jets (beams) and, through accretion, the enormous luminosities of quasars from radio to beyond X-rays. If the accreting gas has angular momentum it will probably form a disk about the spin of the hole. New evidence for relativistic beaming of the radio emission from quasars' cores supports the idea of a "Unified Scheme" that explains core-dominated quasars as the double, lobe-dominated quasars seen end-on and allows us to use the radio structure to determine an approximate orientation of a quasar to the line-of-sight. Recent observations suggest an axisymmetric structure for the narrow and broad emission line regions (NLR and BLR) and alignment with the radio axis. If this "Unified Scheme" is correct, new observations imply a beamed optical continuum, important in the core-dominated quasars but insignificant in the lobe-dominated quasars. New multi-frequency observations of continuum energy distributions suggest that thermal and other emission from an accretion disk dominates the optical to far ultraviolet spectrum, while hot dust or free-free emission dominates in the near infrared region. The research will test the "Scheme" and explore the consequences of changing inclination for quasars' inner regions by spectro- photometry and polarimetry designed to separate continuum components in the IR-UV, and by observations of emission line spectra and radio, optical and X-ray luminosities in carefully defined quasar samples. These observations can be compared with new kinematic models for the ionization of an axisymmetric broad line region by a disk or "jet" continuum. If the "Scheme" is incorrect, then these observations will test the very strong link between the radio, optical and X-ray properties, and so help define future hypotheses.