Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of Carbenes, Silylenes, and Germylenes

这项有机和大分子化学基金为华盛顿大学Peter Gaspar博士的研究提供了支持。这项工作的重点是研究碳、硅和锗化学中的短寿命物质。了解这些物质，特别是硅和锗的物质，具有重要的实际意义，因为它们可能在许多工业过程中很重要，特别是在半导体工业中。将进行一系列协调的实验，以阐明含有二价碳、硅和锗原子的短寿命分子的化学反应机制。全面了解影响其反应性的因素将提高控制其非常有用的反应的能力。该项目的另一个目标是确定如何修改有机化学的机制思想，以处理周期表第一行以下的键生成和键裂解。这些知识将扩展这些思想在有机金属化学领域的有用性，并提高它们在处理纯有机化学方面的有效性。将研究有机化学中重要中间体的硅和锗类似物的反应速率，以及与硅有多键的新型分子的制备。这些实验将新分子的合成与对寿命太短而无法分离的物种的物理研究结合起来。在后一种实验中，利用激光的纳秒光子脉冲产生反应性分子，并在皮秒到毫秒的时间尺度上监测这些短暂的反应。

This grant in Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry provides support for the research of Dr. Peter Gaspar, Washington University. This work is focused on studies of short-lived species in carbon, silicon, and germanium chemistry. An understanding of such species, particularly those of silicon and germanium, has important practical implications because they may be important in a number of industrial processes, especially ones in the semiconductor industry. A coordinated set of experiments will be carried out to elucidate chemical reaction mechanisms for short-lived molecules containing divalent carbon, silicon and germanium atoms. A complete understanding of the factors influencing their reactivity will enhance the ability to control their highly useful reactions. Another goal of this project is to determine how the mechanistic ideas of organic chemistry need to be modified to deal with bond-making and bond cleavage below the first-row of the periodic table. This knowledge will extend the usefulness of these ideas in the domain of organometallic chemistry and also enhance their effectiveness in dealing with pure organic chemistry. The rates of reaction of silicon and germanium analogs of important intermediates in organic chemistry will be studied as will the preparation of new types of molecules containing multiple bonds to silicon. The experiments combine the synthesis of new molecules with physical studies of species too short-lived to isolate. Among the latter experiments are the generation of reactive molecules by use of nanosecond pulses of photons from lasers and the monitoring of these short-lived reactions on a time scale of picoseconds to milliseconds.