Response of Tied-Back Walls During the Whittier Narrows Earthquake of October 1, 1987

捆绑墙在地震中的抗破坏性能对于维护应急车辆的运输走廊至关重要。然而，关于系带墙的地震反应的研究却很少。更重要的是，对于捆绑墙的抗震设计还没有正式的程序。通过计算机有限元研究已经确定了可能的破坏模式：缺乏对实际系杆墙在中到大地震震动时的性能的观察。在惠蒂尔·纳罗斯地震期间，许多用于建筑挖掘的捆绑墙--大多是临时的--遭受了中度地震震动。由于这些墙的临时性，信息可以在相对较短的时间内获得，之后数据就会丢失。此外，目击者对挖掘反应的描述可以为解释数据提供信息。本研究的目的是收集惠蒂尔纳罗斯地震期间系带墙反应的数据，以便将系带墙性能的现场观测结果与数值分析结果进行比较。这将有助于验证捆绑墙在地震荷载作用下的性能和破坏分析模型，还将有助于确定墙几何形状、土壤剖面、锚固位置、剥离荷载和地面运动的相关性。每个病例的病史都有足够详细的文件记录，以便于现场与数字研究之间的比较。

Failure-proof performance of tied-back walls during earthquakes is critical to maintaining transportation corridors for emergency vehicles. Yet very little research has been done on the seismic response of tied- back walls. More importantly, there are no formalized procedures for the seismic design of tied-back walls. Possible failure modes have been identified through computer finite element studies: what is lacking is observation of the performance of actual tied-back walls during moderate to large earthquake shaking. During the Whittier Narrows earthquake, a number of tie-back walls for building excavations - mostly temporary - were subjected to moderate earthquake shaking. Because of temporary nature of these walls, the information is available for a relatively short time, after which the data is lost. In addition, eye witness accounts of the excavation response may provide information for interpreting the data. The objective of this research is to collect data on tied-back wall response during the Whittier Narrows earthquake in order to compare the field observation of the performance of the tied-back walls to the results of numerical analyses. This will help validate the analytical models for the performance and damage of tied-back walls to earthquake loading, and it will also help to determine the dependence on wall geometry, soil profile, location of the anchors, tieoff loads, and ground motion. Each case history is being documented in sufficient detail to facilitate comparison between sites with the numerical studies.