Paleocology of Peruvian Mollusks Intended for the Studies ofAncient El Ninos

南美洲上升流沿海生态系统的建模必须 考虑古代厄尔尼诺事件的影响（中期和早期 全新世、更新世和第三纪）。 这些事件可能因 平均发生频率和/或强度，或可能已经 完全缺席。 对古代厄尔尼诺现象的记录是至关重要的 重要性，因为这些事件可能在（1）中发挥了作用。 安第斯和沿海海洋文明的文化发展， (2)第四纪沿岸的动物群的地理发展， (3)海洋生态系统的演变 出版的地质 对古代厄尔尼诺事件的支持未能同时满足两个 必要条件：（1）与厄尔尼诺相关的离散事件的证据 （2）南太平洋西海岸沿着海洋变暖的证据 美国参考 建议通过应用增长来满足这两个标准 的大量软体动物记录的增量和地球化学分析 沿海的秘鲁。 1982-1983年的厄尔尼诺事件被编码在形态上， 同位素和微量元素模式双壳类壳生长和翼 将把这些技术应用于研究古代软体动物， 形成以下来源沿着秘鲁海岸：（1）后哥伦布 垃圾场，（2）前哥伦布贝贝冢，（3）海侵陆棚 贝壳滞后，（4）上升的海洋阶地，和（5）海洋沉积 岩石化学分析方法 这将提供一个时间跨度从历史时代回到 上新世

Modelling of the South American upwelling coastal ecosystem must consider the impact of ancient El Nino events (Middle and Early Holocene, Pleistocene, and Tertiary). Such events may have varied in average frequency of occurrence and/or strength, or may have been absent altogether. Documentation of ancient El Ninos is of paramount significance because of the role such events may have played in (1) the cultural development of Andean and coastal maritime civilizations, (2) the biogeographic development of Quaternary littoral faunas, and (3) the evolution of the pelagic ecosystem. The published geological support for ancient El Nino events fails to simultaneously satisfy two requisite criteria: (1) evidence of discrete El Nino-associated events and (2) evidence of oceanic warming along the west coast of South America. It is proposed to satisfy both criteria by application of growth increment and geochemical analyses to the extensive molluscan record of coastal Peru. The 1982-1983 El Nino event was encoded in morphologic, isotopic, and trace elemental patterns of bivalve shell growth and we will apply these techniques to the study of ancient mollusks obtained form the following sources along the coast of Peru: (1) post-Columbian dump sites, (2) pre-Columbian shell middens, (3) transgressive shelf shell lags, (4) raised marine terraces, and (5) marine sedimentary rocks. This will provide a temporal span from historical times back to the Pliocene.