Nucleophilic Decomposition of Disinfection Byproducts

该项目的目的是研究一种新的水处理工艺，该工艺有望在不产生已被确定为致癌有机的卤代烃的情况下实现消毒效果。该项目包括确定选定的化学亲核试剂，特别是亚硫酸盐分解致突变或致癌氯化副产物的能力，评估在亲电分解后再氯化后形成额外氯化副产物的程度。并识别这些卤化化合物的一些降解产物。特定化合物的鉴定和回收将通过液/液萃取和闭环溶出结合气相色谱法和质谱法来实现。这些资料将与其他地方正在进行的研究的健康影响数据相结合，对亲核分解用于饮用水处理的潜力进行全面评价。这项研究可能导致亲核试剂以脱氯剂或阴离子树脂的形式全面应用的发展。在美国，饮用水处理对公众健康的唯一最重要的贡献是氯化的广泛使用。自本世纪初在美国被普遍接受以来，水传播疾病得到了有效的控制，在某些情况下几乎被消灭了。现在，对有机氯化副产物的担忧正威胁着从许多原水的考虑中去除氯化。这项研究可能会产生一些概念，这些概念将继续允许使用氯进行消毒，而不会产生潜在有害的副产品。

The objective of this project is to conduct research on a novel water treatment process that offers promise in accomplishing a disinfection effect without producing halogenated hydrocarbons which have been determined to be carcinorganic. The project involves determination of the ability of selected chemical nucleophiles, especially sulfites to decompose mutagenic or carcinogenic chlorination byproducts, to evaluate the degree to which additional chlorination byproducts form upon rechlorination following electrophilic decomposition, and to identify some of the degradation products of these halogenated compounds. The identification and recovery of specific compounds will be achieved by liquid/liquid extraction and closed loop stripping in conjunction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Such information will be combined with health-effects data from on-going research elsewhere to provide an overall evaluation of the potential of nucleophilic decomposition for drinking water treatment. This research may lead to the development of a full-scale application of nucleophiles in the form of dechlorinating agents or anionic resins. The single most significant contribution of drinking water treatment to public health in the US has been the widespread use of chlorination. Since its general acceptance in the US in the early part of this century, water borne diseases have been effectively controlled, and in some cases virtually eliminated. Now, concerns over organic chlorination byproducts are threatening to remove chlorination from consideration for many raw waters. This research may lead to concepts that will continue to permit use of chlorine for disinfection without production of potentially harmful by products.