PRF/J: Craniofacial Integration in Growth and Phylogeny: Analysis by Principal Warps

形态整合可以定义为将一种形态变形为另一种形态的转换特征。如果变形作用于全局，则形态学区域被整合；如果区域包含经历不同转换的部分，则它们的整合程度较差。本博士后项目的目标是：(1)识别新世界鼠类动物的颅骨和颌骨的整体部分；(2)将形态学分析检测到的部位与发育理论和功能形态学预测的部位进行比较；(3)探索发育整合单位是否通过系统发育保持整合。已知年龄的棉花大鼠（Sigmodon fulviventer）的组织样本将被用于个体发生整合；对黄颡鱼、伯兰氏棘鱼、科马瑞基棘鱼、佛罗里达瘤鱼、白斑佩omyscus leucopus和maniculatus的成虫进行系统发育整合分析。形状坐标的变化将用于分析头骨和颌骨区域内部和区域之间的转换，这些区域先验地假设由于发育起源或功能而整合在一起。均匀、全局但不均匀和局部非线性都将进行分析。集成部件的层次结构将通过应用主翘曲方法来构建，该方法将非全局组件分层分解，由取代地标所需的“弯曲能量”的数量决定，而不考虑仿射变换。主翘曲可以用来对形状变化的特征进行分类，每个特征都在其自己的几何尺度上，并在逐渐增大的几何尺度上研究潜在弯曲能量的变化。这项为期一年的奖学金活动将在密歇根大学进行。

Morphological integration can be defined as a characteristic of a transformation that deforms one morphology into another. A region of morphology is integrated if the deformation acts globally; regions are poorly integrated if they comprise parts that undergo different transformations. The goals of this postdoctoral project are to: (1) identify integrated parts of the skull and jaw of species of New World murid rodents; (2) compare parts detected by morphometric analysis to those predicted by developmental theory and functional morphology; and (3) explore if developmentally integrated units remain integrated through phylogeny. Known-age tissue samples of the cotton rat, Sigmodon fulviventer, will be explored for ontogenetic integration; adult samples of S. fulviventer, S. hispidus berlandieri, S. hispidus komareki, Neotoma floridana, Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus will be analyzed for phylogenetic integration. Changes in shape coordinates will be used to analyze transformations within and between regions of the skull and jaw hypothesized a priori to be integrated because of developmental origin or function. The uniform, global but not uniform, and localized non-linearities will all be analyzed. The hierarchy of integrated parts will be constructed by application of the method of principal warps which decomposes non-global components hierarchically as determined by the amount of "bending energy" required to displace the landmarks, regardless of the affine transformation. The principal warps can be used to categorize the features of shape change, each at its own geometric scale, and to investigate variation in the underlying bending-energy at progressively larger geometric scales. This one-year fellowship activity will take place at the University of Michigan.