Development of Screening Technique for Aqueous Drag ReducingSurfactants and Its Utilization for Finding More Efficient Additive Systems (Engineering)

在区域供热和制冷系统中， 循环通过10至20公里的环路，与各种不同的热量交换， 装置. 大部分资本投资集中在 再循环所需的管道、泵和配件。 拖动 湍流的减少可以节省成本和能量。 几种形成棒状的阳离子和非离子表面活性剂体系 胶束已被确定为减阻剂。 本研究 该项目将建立有效减阻的基本标准 系统和开发一个方便的筛选技术。 变量 将研究影响胶束尺寸、形状和取向的因素， 检查温度、反离子的类型和浓度， 电解质含量和共添加剂的影响。 准弹性 光散射将被用来研究胶束行为的 添加剂系统 互动活动包括教授基础课程 胶体科学，参加大学课程，重点是 关于妇女和少数民族在工程方面的独特问题， 科学，并促进妇女在学院的讲习班 工程. 该项目进一步促进了VPW计划的目标，即（1）提供 为妇女提供在工程和技术领域发展职业生涯的机会 由NSF支持的科学学科和（2）鼓励妇女 通过提供更大的科学和工程专业知识， 在工业界就业的女科学家和女工程师的知名度， 政府和学术机构。 通过鼓励 妇女参与科学，这是一项宝贵的投资， 国家未来的科学活力。

In district heating and cooling systems heated or chilled water is recirculated through a 10 to 20 km loop, exchanging heat with various installations. Much of the capital investment is concentrated in the pipes, pumps, and fittings needed for the recirculation. Drag reduction in turbulent flow could result in cost and energy savings. Several cationic and nonionic surfactant systems which form rod-shaped micelles have been identified as drag reducing agents. This research project will establish basic criteria for effective drag reducing systems and develop a convenient screening technique. Variables affecting micellar size, shape, and orientation will be studied, examining temperature, type and concentration of counter-ion, electrolyte content, and the effect of coadditives. Quasielastic light scattering will be used to study the micellar behavior of the additive systems. Interactive activities include teaching a course in the fundamentals of colloid science, participating in a university course which focuses on the unique problems of women and minorities in engineering and science, and contributing to a workshop for women in the College of Engineering. This project furthers VPW program objectives which are (1) to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in engineering and in the disciplines of science supported by NSF and (2) to encourage women to pursue careers in science and engineering by providing greater visibility for women scientists and engineers employed in industry, government, and academic institutions. By encouraging the participation of women in science, it is a valuable investment in the Nation's future scientific vitality.