Relations Between Diagenesis of Organic and Inorganic Phasesand Tectonic Processes: Formation of Anthracite Coal

宾夕法尼亚州东部无烟煤中的两组垂直割理(裂隙或节理)含有矿物学和化学上截然不同的自生粘土矿物，它们是在煤化作用过程中形成的。一个割理中的矿物表明交代作用的热液流体流经这些裂缝。本研究将验证热水循环是由阿勒格尼亚期隆升及其伴生的深部盆地流驱动的假说，并将评估热水流体对该地区煤化作用的贡献。其目的是更好地了解构造作用与无机和有机相成岩作用之间的相互作用。为了实现这一目标，分析程序将包括同步辐射X射线微探针、水热实验(对于选定的分配系数值)、氚探针、K/Ar和氧同位素、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、岩石学、固定碳分析、电子探针、红外光谱以及古流体成分、温度和水文的计算机模拟。这些结果可能会对现有的煤化模式提出重要的修改，并将对沉积成岩作用、沉积盆地的热史和埋藏史以及阿勒格纳尼造山作用的结构/构造研究产生影响。最后，我们期望获得有关粘土矿物的微量元素组成的基本新信息。

Two orthogonal cleat (fracture or joint) sets in anthracite coal from eastern Pennsylvania contain mineralogically and chemically distinct authigenic clay minerals which formed during coalification. Minerals in one cleat suggest that metasomatic, hydrothermal fluids flowed through these fractures. This study will test the hypothesis that the hydrothermal circulation was driven by Alleghanian-age uplift and associated deep basinal flow, and will evaluate the contribution of heat by the hydrothermal fluids to coalification in this region. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the interaction between tectonic processes and diagenesis of inorganic and organic phases. To achieve this objective, analytical procedures willinclude synchrotron X-ray microprobe, hydrothermal experiments (for selected distribution coefficient values), deuteron probe, K/Ar and oxygen isotopes, SEM, XRD, petrography, fixed carbon analysis, electron microprobe, IR spectroscopy and computer modeling of the composition, temperature and hydrology of paleofluids. Results may suggest important modifications to existing models of coalification and should have impact to studies of sedimentary diagenesis, thermal and burial histories of sedimentary basins and structural/tectonic studies of the Alleghany orogeny. Finally, we expect to obtain fundamental new information on the trace element composition of clay minerals.